Journal of Movement Disorders

Most-read articles are from the articles published in 2021 during the last three month.

Original Article

Increased Mortality in Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: Eldbjørg Hustad, Tor Åge Myklebust, Sasha Gulati, Jan O. Aasly; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):214-220. Published online July 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21029

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Objective
Few studies have followed Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients from the time of diagnosis to the date of death. This study compared mortality in the Trondheim PD cohort to the general population, investigated causes of death and analyzed the associations between mortality and age at disease onset (AAO) and cognitive decline defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score below 26.
Methods
The cohort was followed longitudinally from 1997. By the end of January 2020, 587 patients had died. Comparisons to the Norwegian population were performed by calculating standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Survival curves were estimated using the standard Kaplan-Meier estimator, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were estimated to investigate associations.
Results
SMR was 2.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.13–2.44] for the whole cohort. For participants with AAO 20–39 years, the SMR was 5.55 (95% CI: 3.38–8.61). Median survival was 15 years (95% CI: 14.2–15.5) for the whole cohort. Early-onset PD (EOPD) patients (AAO < 50 years) had the longest median survival time. For all groups, there was a significant shortening in median survival time and an almost 3-fold higher age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for death when the MoCA score decreased below 26.
Conclusion
PD patients with an AAO before 40 years had a more than fivefold higher mortality rate compared to a similar general population. EOPD patients had the longest median survival; however, their life expectancy was reduced to a greater degree than that of late-onset PD patients. Cognitive impairment was strongly associated with mortality in PD.

Citations

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Tinetti balance performance is associated with mortality in older adults with late-onset Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal study
Louise Laurent, Pierre Koskas, Janina Estrada, Mélanie Sebbagh, Sophie Lacaille, Agathe Raynaud-Simon, Matthieu Lilamand
BMC Geriatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Letter in response to Cole-Hunter et al., 2023: What does “Parkinson’s disease mortality” mean?
Isabell Katharina Rumrich, Valtteri Kaasinen, Otto Hänninen, Sirpa Hartikainen, Anna-Maija Tolppanen
Environment International.2023; 173: 107852. CrossRef
Real-World Prescription Patterns For Patients With Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease in China: A Trend Analysis From 2014 to 2019
Xiao-qin Liu, Xiao-yu Wang, Hui-ming Shen, Wen-yuan Pang, Ming-kang Zhong, Chun-lai Ma
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) is highly correlated with 1-year mortality in hip fracture patients
R. M. Y. Wong, R. W. K. Ng, W. W. Chau, W. H. Liu, S. K. H. Chow, C. Y. Tso, N. Tang, W.-H. Cheung
Osteoporosis International.2022; 33(10): 2185. CrossRef
Obituary for Jan O. Aasly (1950–2022)
Matthew J. Farrer
Movement Disorders.2022; 37(9): 1783. CrossRef
Age Cutoff for Early‐Onset Parkinson's Disease: Recommendations from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Early Onset Parkinson's Disease
Raja Mehanna, Katarzyna Smilowska, Jori Fleisher, Bart Post, Taku Hatano, Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte, Kishore Raj Kumar, Victor McConvey, Baorong Zhang, Eng‐King Tan, Rodolfo Savica, Rodolfo Savica, Eng‐King Tan, Raja Mehanna, Katarzyna Smilowska, Conn
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Review Articles

Multiple System Atrophy: Advances in Diagnosis and Therapy: Hirohisa Watanabe, Sayuri Shima, Yasuaki Mizutani, Akihiro Ueda, Mizuki Ito; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):13-21. Published online December 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22082

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Abstract PDF: This review summarizes improvements in understanding the pathophysiology and early clinical symptoms of multiple system atrophy (MSA) and advancements in diagnostic methods and disease-modifying therapies for the condition. In 2022, the Movement Disorder Society proposed new diagnostic criteria to develop disease-modifying therapies and promote clinical trials of MSA since the second consensus was proposed in 2008. Regarding pathogenesis, cutting-edge findings have accumulated on the interactions of α-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and oligodendroglia with neurons. In neuroimaging, introducing artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning has notably improved diagnostic accuracy and individual analyses. Advancements in treatment have also been achieved, including immunotherapy therapy against α-synuclein and serotonin-targeted and mesenchymal stem cell therapies, which are thought to affect several aspects of the disease, including neuroinflammation. The accelerated progress in clarifying the pathogenesis of MSA over the past few years and the development of diagnostic techniques for detecting early-stage MSA are expected to facilitate the development of disease-modifying therapies for one of the most intractable neurodegenerative diseases.

Current Status and Future Perspectives on Stem Cell-Based Therapies for Parkinson’s Disease: Young Cha, Tae-Yoon Park, Pierre Leblanc, Kwang-Soo Kim; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):22-41. Published online January 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22141

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Abstract PDF: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder after Alzheimer’s disease, affecting 1%–2% of the population over the age of 65. As the population ages, it is anticipated that the burden on society will significantly escalate. Although symptom reduction by currently available pharmacological and/or surgical treatments improves the quality of life of many PD patients, there are no treatments that can slow down, halt, or reverse disease progression. Because the loss of a specific cell type, midbrain dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, is the main cause of motor dysfunction in PD, it is considered a promising target for cell replacement therapy. Indeed, numerous preclinical and clinical studies using fetal cell transplantation have provided proof of concept that cell replacement therapy may be a viable therapeutic approach for PD. However, the use of human fetal cells remains fraught with controversy due to fundamental ethical, practical, and clinical limitations. Groundbreaking work on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells, coupled with extensive basic research in the stem cell field offers promising potential for hPSC-based cell replacement to become a realistic treatment regimen for PD once several major issues can be successfully addressed. In this review, we will discuss the prospects and challenges of hPSC-based cell therapy for PD.

Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxias: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Immunological and Physiological Mechanisms: Hiroshi Mitoma, Mario Manto, Marios Hadjivassiliou; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(1):10-28. Published online January 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20040

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20 Citations

Abstract PDF

Since the first description of immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) by Charcot in 1868, several milestones have been reached in our understanding of this group of neurological disorders. IMCAs have diverse etiologies, such as gluten ataxia, postinfectious cerebellitis, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, anti-GAD ataxia, and primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. The cerebellum, a vulnerable autoimmune target of the nervous system, has remarkable capacities (collectively known as the cerebellar reserve, closely linked to plasticity) to compensate and restore function following various pathological insults. Therefore, good prognosis is expected when immune-mediated therapeutic interventions are delivered during early stages when the cerebellar reserve can be preserved. However, some types of IMCAs show poor responses to immunotherapies, even if such therapies are introduced at an early stage. Thus, further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the autoimmune mechanisms underlying IMCAs, as such research could potentially lead to the development of more effective immunotherapies. We underscore the need to pursue the identification of robust biomarkers.

Citations

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Autoimmunologische Kleinhirnerkrankungens
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Heliyon.2023; 9(3): e13725. CrossRef
Gluten Ataxia: an Underdiagnosed Condition
Marios Hadjivassiliou, R. A. Grϋnewald
The Cerebellum.2022; 21(4): 620. CrossRef
Clinical Problem Solving: Decreased Level of Consciousness and Unexplained Hydrocephalus
Naomi Niznick, Ronda Lun, Daniel A. Lelli, Tadeu A. Fantaneanu
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Pharmacotherapy of cerebellar and vestibular disorders
João Lemos, Mario Manto
Current Opinion in Neurology.2022; 35(1): 118. CrossRef
Advances in the Pathogenesis of Auto-antibody-Induced Cerebellar Synaptopathies
Hiroshi Mitoma, Mario Manto
The Cerebellum.2022; 22(1): 129. CrossRef
A Breakdown of Immune Tolerance in the Cerebellum
Christiane S. Hampe, Hiroshi Mitoma
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(3): 328. CrossRef
Acute Cerebellar Inflammation and Related Ataxia: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology
Md. Sorwer Alam Parvez, Gen Ohtsuki
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(3): 367. CrossRef
A Case Report of Anti-PCA-2-Positive Autoimmune Cerebellitis
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Advances in Clinical Medicine.2022; 12(04): 3272. CrossRef
Cell-Autonomous Processes That Impair Xenograft Survival into the Cerebellum
Lorenzo Magrassi, Giulia Nato, Domenico Delia, Annalisa Buffo
The Cerebellum.2022; 21(5): 821. CrossRef
Diagnosis and Clinical Features in Autoimmune-Mediated Movement Disorders
Pei-Chen Hsieh, Yih-Ru Wu
Journal of Movement Disorders.2022; 15(2): 95. CrossRef
Autoimmune cerebellar ataxia associated with anti-leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 antibodies: Two pediatric cases
Zhang Weihua, Ren Haitao, Deng Jie, Ren Changhong, Zhou Ji, Zhou Anna, Guan Hongzhi, Ren Xiaotun
Journal of Neuroimmunology.2022; 370: 577918. CrossRef
Anti-dipeptidyl-peptidase-like protein 6 encephalitis with pure cerebellar ataxia: a case report
Jing Lin, Min Zhu, Xiaocheng Mao, Zeqing Jin, Meihong Zhou, Daojun Hong
BMC Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Central Positional Nystagmus
Ana Inês Martins, André Jorge, João Lemos
Current Treatment Options in Neurology.2022; 24(10): 453. CrossRef
Paraneoplastic Ataxia: Antibodies at the Forefront Have Become Routine Biomarkers
Lazaros C. Triarhou, Mario Manto
The Cerebellum.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Rare Etiologies in Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxias: Diagnostic Challenges
Marios Hadjivassiliou, Mario Manto, Hiroshi Mitoma
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(9): 1165. CrossRef
Paraneoplastic syndromes in neuro-ophthalmology
SimonJ Hickman
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.2022; 25(8): 101. CrossRef
Immunotherapies for the Effective Treatment of Primary Autoimmune Cerebellar Ataxia: a Case Series
Jiao Li, Bo Deng, Wenli Song, Keru Li, Jingwen Ai, Xiaoni Liu, Haocheng Zhang, Yi Zhang, Ke Lin, Guofu Shao, Chunfeng Liu, Wenhong Zhang, Xiangjun Chen, Yanlin Zhang
The Cerebellum.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Stiff-Eye Syndrome—Anti-GAD Ataxia Presenting with Isolated Ophthalmoplegia: A Case Report
Abel Dantas Belém, Thaís de Maria Frota Vasconcelos, Rafael César dos Anjos de Paula, Francisco Bruno Santana da Costa, Pedro Gustavo Barros Rodrigues, Isabelle de Sousa Pereira, Paulo Roberto de Arruda Tavares, Gabriela Studart Galdino, Daniel Aguiar Dia
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Update on Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration
Philipp Alexander Loehrer, Lara Zieger, Ole J. Simon
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Original Article

Health-Related Quality of Life for Parkinson’s Disease Patients and Their Caregivers: Michal Lubomski, Ryan L. Davis, Carolyn M. Sue; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(1):42-52. Published online January 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20079

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16 Citations

Abstract PDF

Objective
Motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS) negatively impact the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) for individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD), as well as their caregivers. NMS can emerge decades prior to the manifestation of motor symptoms but often go unrecognized and therefore untreated. To guide clinical management, we surveyed differences and identified factors that influence HRQoL in a cohort of PD patients and family caregivers.
Methods
A total of 103 PD patients were compared with 81 caregivers. Outcome measures collected from validated questionnaires included generic and disease-specific HRQoL assessments, depression frequency and severity, constipation severity, upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms, physical activity and motor symptom severity.
Results
PD patients reported significantly decreased physical and mental HRQoL compared to their caregivers (both p < 0.001). Unemployment, the need for social support services, rehabilitation use, REM sleep behavior disorder, impulse control disorders and features suggestive of increasing disease severity hallmarked by increasing PD duration, higher MDS UPDRS-III (Movement Disorder Society–Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale–Part III) scores, higher daily levodopa equivalence dose and motor fluctuations were consistent with a lower HRQoL in our PD cohort. Furthermore, decreased physical activity, chronic pain, depression, constipation and upper gastrointestinal dysfunction (particularly indigestion, excess fullness and bloating) suggested vulnerability to reduced HRQoL. Overall, PD patients perceived their health to decline by 12% more than their caregivers did over a 1-year period.
Conclusion
PD patients reported decreased HRQoL, with both motor symptoms and NMS negatively impacting HRQoL. Our findings support the routine clinical screening of HRQoL in PD patients to identify and address modifiable factors.

Citations

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Impact of advanced Parkinson’s disease on caregivers: an international real-world study
Pablo Martinez-Martin, Matej Skorvanek, Tove Henriksen, Susanna Lindvall, Josefa Domingos, Ali Alobaidi, Prasanna L. Kandukuri, Vivek S. Chaudhari, Apeksha B. Patel, Juan Carlos Parra, James Pike, Angelo Antonini
Journal of Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Perspectives of people with Parkinson's disease and family carers about disease management in community settings: A cross‐country qualitative study
M. Victoria Navarta‐Sánchez, Ana Palmar‐Santos, Azucena Pedraz‐Marcos, Claire Reidy, Dia Soilemezi, Anita Haahr, Dorthe Sørensen, Helle Rønn Smidt, Line Kildal Bragstad, Ellen Gabrielsen Hjelle, Silje Bjørnsen Haavaag, Mari Carmen Portillo
Journal of Clinical Nursing.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Barriers to home exercise for patients with Parkinson’s disease: a qualitative study
Qiaohong Wang, Yiping Chen, Linbo Li, Chao Li, Li Li, Huili Cao, Hui Yang
BMJ Open.2023; 13(2): e061932. CrossRef
The impact of device-assisted therapies on the gut microbiome in Parkinson’s disease
Michal Lubomski, Xiangnan Xu, Andrew J. Holmes, Jean Y. H. Yang, Carolyn M. Sue, Ryan L. Davis
Journal of Neurology.2022; 269(2): 780. CrossRef
Predictive Model of Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Eduardo Candel-Parra, María Pilar Córcoles-Jiménez, Victoria Delicado-Useros, Marta Carolina Ruiz-Grao, Antonio Hernández-Martínez, Milagros Molina-Alarcón
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2022; 19(2): 672. CrossRef
Die neue Parkinson-Schmerzklassifikation (PSK)
V. Mylius, S. Perez Lloret, C. S. Brook, M. T. Krüger, S. Hägele-Link, R. Gonzenbach, J. Kassubek, S. Bohlhalter, J. P. Lefaucheur, L. Timmermann, G. Kägi, F. Brugger, D. Ciampi de Andrade, J. C. Möller
Der Nervenarzt.2022; 93(10): 1019. CrossRef
Quantification Analysis of Sleep Based on Smartwatch Sensors for Parkinson’s Disease
Yi-Feng Ko, Pei-Hsin Kuo, Ching-Fu Wang, Yu-Jen Chen, Pei-Chi Chuang, Shih-Zhang Li, Bo-Wei Chen, Fu-Chi Yang, Yu-Chun Lo, Yi Yang, Shuan-Chu Vina Ro, Fu-Shan Jaw, Sheng-Huang Lin, You-Yin Chen
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Gastrointestinal Dysfunction Impact on Life Quality in a Cohort of Russian Patients with Parkinson’s Disease I-III H&Y Stage
A. A. Pilipovich, O. V. Vorob’eva, S. A. Makarov, N. N. Shindryaeva, Yu D. Vorob’eva, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad
Parkinson's Disease.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Nutritional Intake and Gut Microbiome Composition Predict Parkinson’s Disease
Michal Lubomski, Xiangnan Xu, Andrew J. Holmes, Samuel Muller, Jean Y. H. Yang, Ryan L. Davis, Carolyn M. Sue
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Gut Microbiome in Parkinson’s Disease: A Longitudinal Study of the Impacts on Disease Progression and the Use of Device-Assisted Therapies
Michal Lubomski, Xiangnan Xu, Andrew J. Holmes, Samuel Muller, Jean Y. H. Yang, Ryan L. Davis, Carolyn M. Sue
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Characteristics and quality of life of substance users and their caregivers
Jadranka M. Maksimovic, Olivera B. Sbutega, Aleksandar D. Pavlovic, Hristina D. Vlajinac, Ivana I. Kavecan, Isidora S. Vujcic, Sandra B. Grujicic Sipetic
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Defining the unknowns for cell therapies in Parkinson's disease
Emma L. Lane, Mariah J. Lelos
Disease Models & Mechanisms.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Increased Added Sugar Consumption Is Common in Parkinson's Disease
Natalie C. Palavra, Michal Lubomski, Victoria M. Flood, Ryan L. Davis, Carolyn M. Sue
Frontiers in Nutrition.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Relationship Satisfaction in People with Parkinson’s Disease and Their Caregivers: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Johanne Heine, Hannah von Eichel, Selma Staege, Günter U. Höglinger, Florian Wegner, Martin Klietz
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Diagnosis and Management of Pain in Parkinson's Disease: A New Approach
Veit Mylius, Jens Carsten Möller, Stephan Bohlhalter, Daniel Ciampi de Andrade, Santiago Perez Lloret
Drugs & Aging.2021; 38(7): 559. CrossRef
Cognitive Influences in Parkinson's Disease Patients and Their Caregivers: Perspectives From an Australian Cohort
Michal Lubomski, Ryan L. Davis, Carolyn M. Sue
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Review Articles

Subjective Cognitive Complaints in Cognitively Normal Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review: Jin Yong Hong, Phil Hyu Lee; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):1-12. Published online November 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22059

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Abstract PDF: Subjective cognitive complaints (SCCs) refer to self-perceived cognitive decline and are related to objective cognitive decline. SCCs in cognitively normal individuals are considered a preclinical sign of subsequent cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer’s disease, and SCCs in cognitively normal patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) are also gaining attention. The aim of this review was to provide an overview of the current research on SCCs in cognitively normal patients with PD. A systematic search found a lack of consistency in the methodologies used to define and measure SCCs. Although the association between SCCs and objective cognitive performance in cognitively normal patients with PD is controversial, SCCs appear to be predictive of subsequent cognitive decline. These findings support the clinical value of SCCs in cognitively normal status in PD; however, further convincing evidence from biomarker studies is needed to provide a pathophysiological basis for these findings. Additionally, a consensus on the definition and assessment of SCCs is needed for further investigations.

Manganese and Movement Disorders: A Review: Dinkar Kulshreshtha, Jacky Ganguly, Mandar Jog; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(2):93-102. Published online April 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20123

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9 Citations

Abstract PDF

Scientific and technological advances achieved with industrial expansion have led to an ever-increasing demand for heavy metals. This demand has, in turn, led to increased contamination of soil, water and air with these metals. Chronic exposure to metals may be detrimental not only to occupational workers but also to the nonoccupational population exposed to these metals. Manganese (Mn), a commonly used heavy metal, is an essential cofactor for many enzymatic processes that drive biological functions. However, it is also a potential source of neurotoxicity, particularly in the field of movement disorders. The typical manifestation of Mn overexposure is parkinsonism, which may be difficult to differentiate from the more common idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. In addition to environmental exposure to Mn, other potential etiologies causing hypermanganesemia include systemic health conditions, total parenteral nutrition and genetic mutations causing Mn dyshomeostasis. In this review, we critically analyze Mn and discuss its sources of exposure, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. We have highlighted the global public health impact of Mn and emphasize that movement disorder specialists should record a detailed social and occupational history to ensure that a toxic etiology is not misdiagnosed as a neurodegenerative disease. In the absence of a definite therapeutic option, early diagnosis and timely institution of preventive measures are the keys to managing its toxic effects.

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Differentiating Wild and Apiary Honey by Elemental Profiling: a Case Study from Mangroves of Indian Sundarban
Tanushree Gaine, Praveen Tudu, Somdeep Ghosh, Shouvik Mahanty, Madhurima Bakshi, Nabanita Naskar, Souparna Chakrabarty, Subarna Bhattacharya, Swati Gupta Bhattacharya, Kashinath Bhattacharya, Punarbasu Chaudhuri
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Environmental Impact on the Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Parkinson’s Disease Pathogenesis: A Narrative Review
Efthalia Angelopoulou, Yam Nath Paudel, Sokratis G. Papageorgiou, Christina Piperi
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(2): 175. CrossRef
Ayahuasca as a Decoction Applied to Human: Analytical Methods, Pharmacology and Potential Toxic Effects
Ľuboš Nižnanský, Žofia Nižnanská, Roman Kuruc, Andrea Szórádová, Ján Šikuta, Anežka Zummerová
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Can therapeutic plasma exchange be life-saving in life-threatening manganese intoxication?
Emel Uyar, Esra Gurkas, Aysel Unlusoy Aksu, Serhat Emeksiz, Cigdem Seher Kasapkara, Nadide Basak Gulleroglu, Ikbal Ok Bozkaya, Kader Karlı Oguz
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The potential convergence of NLRP3 inflammasome, potassium, and dopamine mechanisms in Parkinson’s disease
Adrianne F. Pike, Ildikò Szabò, Robert Veerhuis, Luigi Bubacco
npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Chelation Therapy on a Korean Patient With Brain Manganese Deposition Resulting From a Compound Heterozygous Mutation in the SLC39A14 Gene
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Manganese chloride (MnCl2) induced novel model of Parkinson’s disease in adult Zebrafish; Involvement of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and apoptosis pathway
Abhishek.P.R. Nadig, Bader Huwaimel, Ahmed Alobaida, El-Sayed Khafagy, Hadil Faris Alotaibi, Afrasim Moin, Amr Selim Abu Lila, Suman, Sahyadri. M, K.L. Krishna
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Çalışma Yaşamında Manganez Maruz Kalımının Sağlık Etkileri ve Parkinsonizm
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Original Article

The Queensland Parkinson’s Project: An Overview of 20 Years of Mortality from Parkinson’s Disease: Peter Cornelis Poortvliet, Alexander Gluch, Peter A. Silburn, George D. Mellick; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(1):34-41. Published online December 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20034

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Abstract PDF

Objective
The consensus is that life expectancy for individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is reduced, but estimations vary. We aimed to provide an overview of 20 years of mortality and risk factor data from the Queensland Parkinson’s Project.
Methods
The analysis included 1,334 PD and 1,127 control participants. Preliminary analysis of baseline characteristics (sex, age at onset, family history, smoking status, pesticide exposure, depression and neurosurgery) was conducted, and Kaplan–Meier curves were generated for each potential risk factor. Standardized mortality ratios (SMRs) were calculated comparing this cohort to the general Australian population. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to analyze potential predictors of mortality.
Results
In total, 625 (46.8%) PD and 237 (21.0%) control participants were deceased. Mean disease duration until death was 15.3 ± 7.84 years. Average ages at death were 78.0 ± 7.4 years and 80.4 ± 8.4 years for the deceased PD and control participants, respectively. Mortality was significantly increased for PD in general {SMR = 2.75 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.53–2.96]; p = 0.001}. SMRs were slightly higher for women and those with an age of onset before 60 years. Multivariate analysis showed that deep brain stimulation (DBS) treatment was associated with lower mortality [hazard ratio (HR) = 0.76; 95% CI: 0.59–0.98], while occasional pesticide exposure increased mortality risk (HR = 1.48; 95% CI: 1.17–1.88). Family history of PD, smoking and depression were not independent predictors of mortality.
Conclusion
Mortality in PD is increased. Sex, age at onset and occasional pesticide exposure were independent determinants of increased mortality, while DBS treatment was associated with reduced mortality.

Citations

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Mortality of Parkinson’s disease in Italy from 1980 to 2015
Monica Ulivelli, Daiana Bezzini, Lucia Kundisova, Ilaria Grazi, Mario Alberto Battaglia, Nicola Nante, Simone Rossi
Neurological Sciences.2022; 43(6): 3603. CrossRef
A nationwide study of the incidence, prevalence and mortality of Parkinson’s disease in the Norwegian population
Brage Brakedal, Lilah Toker, Kristoffer Haugarvoll, Charalampos Tzoulis
npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Australian Parkinson’s Genetics Study (APGS): pilot (n=1532)
Svetlana Bivol, George D Mellick, Jacob Gratten, Richard Parker, Aoibhe Mulcahy, Philip E Mosley, Peter C Poortvliet, Adrian I Campos, Brittany L Mitchell, Luis M Garcia-Marin, Simone Cross, Mary Ferguson, Penelope A Lind, Danuta Z Loesch, Peter M Vissche
BMJ Open.2022; 12(2): e052032. CrossRef
Therapeutic targeting of mitophagy in Parkinson's disease
Shashank Masaldan, Sylvie Callegari, Grant Dewson
Biochemical Society Transactions.2022; 50(2): 783. CrossRef
Worldwide trends in mortality related to Parkinson's disease in the period of 1994–2019: Analysis of vital registration data from the WHO Mortality Database
Ioannis C. Lampropoulos, Foteini Malli, Olga Sinani, Konstantinos I. Gourgoulianis, Georgia Xiromerisiou
Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of physician visit frequency for Parkinson’s disease treatment on mortality, hospitalization, and costs: a retrospective cohort study
Takako Fujita, Akira Babazono, Sung-a Kim, Aziz Jamal, Yunfei Li
BMC Geriatrics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Review Article

Treatable Ataxias: How to Find the Needle in the Haystack?: Albert Stezin, Pramod Kumar Pal; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(3):206-226. Published online September 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22069

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Abstract PDF: Treatable ataxias are a group of ataxic disorders with specific treatments. These disorders include genetic and metabolic disorders, immune-mediated ataxic disorders, and ataxic disorders associated with infectious and parainfectious etiology, vascular causes, toxins and chemicals, and endocrinopathies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different treatable ataxias. The major metabolic and genetic treatable ataxic disorders include ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, Niemann-Pick disease type C, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia due to coenzyme Q10 deficiency, glucose transporter type 1 deficiency, and episodic ataxia type 2. The treatment of these disorders includes the replacement of deficient cofactors and vitamins, dietary modifications, and other specific treatments. Treatable ataxias with immune-mediated etiologies include gluten ataxia, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated ataxia, steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, Miller-Fisher syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Although dietary modification with a gluten-free diet is adequate in gluten ataxia, other autoimmune ataxias are managed by short-course steroids, plasma exchange, or immunomodulation. For autoimmune ataxias secondary to malignancy, treatment of tumor can reduce ataxic symptoms. Chronic alcohol consumption, antiepileptics, anticancer drugs, exposure to insecticides, heavy metals, and recreational drugs are potentially avoidable and treatable causes of ataxia. Infective and parainfectious causes of cerebellar ataxias include acute cerebellitis, postinfectious ataxia, Whipple’s disease, meningoencephalitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. These disorders are treated with steroids and antibiotics. Recognizing treatable disorders is of paramount importance when dealing with ataxias given that early treatment can prevent permanent neurological sequelae.

Original Article

The Effect of Blood Lipids, Type 2 Diabetes, and Body Mass Index on Parkinson’s Disease: A Korean Mendelian Randomization Study: Kye Won Park, Yun Su Hwang, Seung Hyun Lee, Sungyang Jo, Sun Ju Chung; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):79-85. Published online January 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22175

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objective
Associations between various metabolic conditions and Parkinson’s disease (PD) have been previously identified in epidemiological studies. We aimed to investigate the causal effect of lipid levels, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and body mass index (BMI) on PD in a Korean population via Mendelian randomization (MR).
Methods
Two-sample MR analyses were performed with inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression approaches. We identified genetic variants associated with lipid concentrations, T2DM, and BMI in publicly available summary statistics, which were either collected from genome-wide association studies (GWASs) or from meta-analyses of GWAS that targeted only Korean individuals or East Asian individuals, including Korean individuals. The outcome dataset was a GWAS on PD performed in a Korean population.
Results
From previous GWASs and meta-analyses, we selected single nucleotide polymorphisms as the instrumental variables. Variants associated with serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, as well as with T2DM and BMI, were selected (n = 11, 19, 17, 89, and 9, respectively). There were no statistically significant causal associations observed between the five exposures and PD using either the IVW, weighted median, or MR-Egger methods (p-values of the IVW method: 0.332, 0.610, 0.634, 0.275, and 0.860, respectively).
Conclusion
This study does not support a clinically relevant causal effect of lipid levels, T2DM, and BMI on PD risk in a Korean population.

Review Articles

Gene Therapy for Huntington’s Disease: The Final Strategy for a Cure?: Seulgi Byun, Mijung Lee, Manho Kim; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(1):15-20. Published online November 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21006

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Abstract PDF

Huntington’s disease (HD) has become a target of the first clinical trials for gene therapy among movement disorders with a genetic origin. More than 100 clinical trials regarding HD have been tried, but all failed, although there were some improvements limited to symptomatic support. Compared to other neurogenetic disorders, HD is known to have a single genetic target. Thus, this is an advantage and its cure is more feasible than any other movement disorder with heterogeneous genetic causes. In this review paper, the authors attempt to cover the characteristics of HD itself while providing an overview of the gene transfer methods currently being researched, and will introduce an experimental trial with a preclinical model of HD followed by an update on the ongoing clinical trials for patients with HD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

CRISPR: a tool with potential for genomic reprogramming in neurological disorders
Yogesh K. Dhuriya, Aijaz A. Naik
Molecular Biology Reports.2023; 50(2): 1845. CrossRef
Gene therapy for selected neuromuscular and trinucleotide repeat disorders – An insight to subsume South Asia for multicenter clinical trials
Nalaka Wijekoon, Lakmal Gonawala, Pyara Ratnayake, Darshana Sirisena, Harsha Gunasekara, Athula Dissanayake, Sunethra Senanayake, Ajantha Keshavaraj, Yetrib Hathout, Harry W.M. Steinbusch, Chandra Mohan, Ashwin Dalal, Eric Hoffman, K.Ranil D de Silva
IBRO Neuroscience Reports.2023; 14: 146. CrossRef
Mitochondrial organization and structure are compromised in fibroblasts from patients with Huntington’s disease
Marie Vanisova, Hana Stufkova, Michaela Kohoutova, Tereza Rakosnikova, Jana Krizova, Jiri Klempir, Irena Rysankova, Jan Roth, Jiri Zeman, Hana Hansikova
Ultrastructural Pathology.2022; 46(5): 462. CrossRef
Pathogenesis of Huntington’s Disease: An Emphasis on Molecular Pathways and Prevention by Natural Remedies
Zainab Irfan, Sofia Khanam, Varnita Karmakar, Sayeed Mohammed Firdous, Bothaina Samih Ismail Abou El Khier, Ilyas Khan, Muneeb U. Rehman, Andleeb Khan
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(10): 1389. CrossRef

Movement Disorders Associated With Radiotherapy and Surgical Procedures: Bharath Kumar Surisetti, Shweta Prasad, Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):42-51. Published online January 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22092

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Abstract PDF: Occasionally, movement disorders can occur following interventional procedures including but not limited to radiotherapy, dental procedures, and cardiac, cerebral and spinal surgeries. The majority of these disorders tend to be unexpected sequelae with variable phenomenology and latency, and they can often be far more disabling than the primary disease for which the procedure was performed. Owing to poor knowledge and awareness of the problem, delays in diagnosing the condition are common, as are misdiagnoses as functional movement disorders. This narrative review discusses the phenomenology, pathophysiology, and potential treatments of various movement disorders caused by interventional procedures such as radiotherapy and neurological and non-neurological surgeries and procedures.

Original Article

Association of Depression With Early Occurrence of Postural Instability in Parkinson’s Disease: Yun Su Hwang, Sungyang Jo, Kye Won Park, Seung Hyun Lee, Sangjin Lee, Sun Ju Chung; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):68-78. Published online December 20, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22091

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objective
Depression in Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects the quality of life of patients. Postural instability and gait disturbance are associated with the severity and prognosis of PD. We investigated the association of depression with axial involvement in early-stage PD patients.
Methods
This study involved 95 PD patients unexposed to antiparkinsonian drugs. After a baseline assessment for depression, the subjects were divided into a depressed PD group and a nondepressed PD group. Analyses were conducted to identify an association of depression at baseline with the following outcome variables: the progression to Hoehn and Yahr scale (H-Y) stage 3, the occurrence of freezing of gait (FOG), levodopa-induced dyskinesia, and wearing-off. The follow-up period was 53.40 ± 16.79 months from baseline.
Results
Kaplan–Meier survival curves for H-Y stage 3 and FOG showed more prominent progression to H-Y stage 3 and occurrences of FOG in the depressed PD group than in the nondepressed PD group (log-rank p = 0.025 and 0.003, respectively). Depression in drug-naïve, early-stage PD patients showed a significant association with the progression to H-Y stage 3 (hazard ratio = 2.55; 95% confidence interval = 1.32–4.93; p = 0.005), as analyzed by Cox regression analyses. In contrast, the occurrence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia and wearing-off did not differ between the two groups (log-rank p = 0.903 and 0.351, respectively).
Conclusion
Depression in drug-naïve, early-stage PD patients is associated with an earlier occurrence of postural instability. This suggests shared nondopaminergic pathogenic mechanisms and potentially enables the prediction of early development of postural instability.

Review Articles

The Supplementary Motor Complex in Parkinson’s Disease: Shervin Rahimpour, Shashank Rajkumar, Mark Hallett; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(1):21-32. Published online November 25, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21075

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3 Citations

Abstract PDF

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by both motor and nonmotor symptoms. Although the basal ganglia is traditionally the primary brain region implicated in this disease process, this limited view ignores the roles of the cortex and cerebellum that are networked with the basal ganglia to support motor and cognitive functions. In particular, recent research has highlighted dysfunction in the supplementary motor complex (SMC) in patients with PD. Using the PubMed and Google Scholar search engines, we identified research articles using keywords pertaining to the involvement of the SMC in action sequencing impairments, temporal processing disturbances, and gait impairment in patients with PD. A review of abstracts and full-text articles was used to identify relevant articles. In this review of 63 articles, we focus on the role of the SMC in PD, highlighting anatomical and functional data to create new perspectives in understanding clinical symptoms and, potentially, new therapeutic targets. The SMC has a nuanced role in the pathophysiology of PD, with both hypo- and hyperactivation associated with various symptoms. Further studies using more standardized patient populations and functional tasks are needed to more clearly elucidate the role of this region in the pathophysiology and treatment of PD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Sensorimotor network connectivity correlates with motor improvement after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with Parkinson's disease
Shumei Chi, Xinrui Wen, Yang Yu, Guanjun Wang, Jie Zhang, Chuang Xue, Xiaoying Zhang, Zheng Wang, Meiduo Gesang, Jiefang Chen, Sha Wu, Man Jin, Jian Liu, Benyan Luo
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2023; 106: 105218. CrossRef
A new model for freedom of movement using connectomic analysis
Diego Alonzo Rodríguez-Méndez, Daniel San-Juan, Mark Hallett, Chris G. Antonopoulos, Erick López-Reynoso, Ricardo Lara-Ramírez
PeerJ.2022; 10: e13602. CrossRef
Cortical and subcortical morphological alterations in motor subtypes of Parkinson’s disease
Jianyu Li, Yuanchao Zhang, Zitong Huang, Yihan Jiang, Zhanbing Ren, Daihong Liu, Jiuquan Zhang, Roberta La Piana, Yifan Chen
npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Environmental Risk Factors for Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Hee Kyung Park, Sindana D. Ilango, Irene Litvan; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(2):103-113. Published online May 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20173

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2 Citations

Abstract PDF

Typically, progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is clinically characterized by slow vertical saccades or supranuclear gaze palsy, levodopa-resistant parkinsonism with predominant axial symptoms, and cognitive executive impairment. Over the past decades, various PSP phenotypes, including PSP with predominant parkinsonism, PSP with corticobasal syndrome, PSP with progressive gait freezing, and PSP with predominant frontal dysfunction, have been identified from pathologically confirmed cases. Expanding knowledge led to new diagnostic criteria for PSP that with increased disease awareness led to increased PSP prevalence estimates. The identification of environmental and modifiable risk factors creates an opportunity to intervene and delay the onset of PSP or slow disease progression. To date, despite the increasing number of publications assessing risk factors for PSP, few articles have focused on environmental and lifestyle risk factors for this disorder. In this article, we reviewed the literature investigating the relationship between PSP and several environmental and other modifiable lifestyle risk factors. In our review, we found that exposures to toxins related to diet, metals, well water, and hypertension were associated with increased PSP risk. In contrast, higher education and statins may be protective. Further case-control studies are encouraged to determine the exact role of these factors in the etiopathogenesis of PSP, which in turn would inform strategies to prevent and reduce the burden of PSP.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Dementia Prevention in Clinical Practice
Kellyann Niotis, Kiarra Akiyoshi, Caroline Carlton, Richard Isaacson
Seminars in Neurology.2022; 42(05): 525. CrossRef
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy in 2022: recent developments and an eye to the future
Shane Lyons, Sean O'Dowd, Richard Walsh, Tim Lynch
Advances in Clinical Neuroscience & Rehabilitation.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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