Journal of Movement Disorders

Letter to the editor

Myorhythmia and Other Movement Disorders in Two Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Encephalopathy: Rebecca Hui Min Hoe, Fan Yang, Siew Kit Shuit, Glenn Khai Wern Yong, Ser Hon Puah, Jennifer Sye Jin Ting, Mucheli Sharavan Sadasiv, Thirugnanam Umapathi; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(2):217-220. Published online April 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22215

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Viewpoints

Challenges in Parkinson’s Disease Care—In Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):52-54. Published online November 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22085

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Mask on, Mask off: Subclinical Parkinson’s Disease Unveiled by COVID-19: Milan Beckers, Bastiaan R Bloem, Rick C Helmich; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):55-58. Published online November 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22067

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Letters to the editor

Catatonia in Hospitalized Patients With COVID-19: An Important Clinical Finding That Should Not be Missed: Tien Lee Ong, Sapiah Sapuan; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(3):277-280. Published online May 10, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21172

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COVID-19 Associated Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Presenting as Parkinsonism and Myorhythmia: Tien Lee Ong, Khariah Mat Nor, Yusniza Yusoff, Sapiah Sapuan; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(1):89-92. Published online November 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21063

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Steroid administration for post‐COVID‐19 Parkinsonism: A case report
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Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience.2023; 11(1): 49. CrossRef
Movement Disorders andSARS‐CoV‐2
Wilson K.W. Fung, Alfonso Fasano, Conor Fearon
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Myorhythmia and Other Movement Disorders in Two Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Encephalopathy
Rebecca Hui Min Hoe, Fan Yang, Siew Kit Shuit, Glenn Khai Wern Yong, Ser Hon Puah, Jennifer Sye Jin Ting, Mucheli Sharavan Sadasiv, Thirugnanam Umapathi
Journal of Movement Disorders.2023; 16(2): 217. CrossRef
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Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Iro Boura, Kallol Ray Chaudhuri
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COVID-19 and Parkinsonism: A Critical Appraisal
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Viruses, parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease: the past, present and future
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Journal of Neural Transmission.2022; 129(9): 1119. CrossRef

Review Articles

Parkinson’s Disease and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Article on the Association between SARS-CoV-2 and α-Synucleinopathy: Smriti Sinha, Swati Mittal, Rupali Roy; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):184-192. Published online July 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21046

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Abstract PDF

There is an extensive debate on the neurological consequences of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its impact on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, which seems to puzzle neurologists. Links between viral infections and PD have long been suspected and studied, but the exact relationship remains elusive. Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) enters the brain through multiple routes and has a direct impact on the brain, cumulative damage occurs due to the activation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. SARS-CoV-2 seems to aggravate PD due to its effects on α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dopamine depletion. A few studies have even highlighted the higher vulnerability of PD patients to COVID-19. The sudden dramatic change in lifestyle caused by the pandemic and the widespread lockdowns that were implemented have added to the hidden sorrows of PD patients, as they already have a compromised mechanism for coping with stress. This review summarizes insights from basic science and the clinical effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the human brain, with a specific focus on PD.

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SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Alpha-Synucleinopathies: Potential Links and Underlying Mechanisms
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Management of Parkinson’s Disease in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Future Perspectives in the Era of Vaccination: Yue Hui Lau, Keng Ming Lau, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):177-183. Published online July 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21034

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Abstract PDF

The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) has led to a serious global health crisis. Increasing evidence suggests that elderly individuals with underlying chronic diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), are particularly vulnerable to this infection. Changes in the routine care of PD patients should be implemented carefully without affecting the quality provided. The utilization of telemedicine for clinical consultation, assessment and rehabilitation has also been widely recommended. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide recommendations in the management of PD during the pandemic as well as in the early phase of vaccination programs to highlight the potential sequelae and future perspectives of vaccination and further research in PD. Even though a year has passed since COVID- 19 emerged, most of us are still facing great challenges in providing a continuum of care to patients with chronic neurological disorders. However, we should regard this health crisis as an opportunity to change our routine approach in managing PD patients and learn more about the impact of SARS-CoV-2. Hopefully, PD patients can be vaccinated promptly, and more detailed research related to PD in COVID-19 can still be carried out.

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Jong Hyeon Ahn, Dongrul Shin, Dongyeong Lee, Hye Young Kim, Jinyoung Youn, Jin Whan Cho, Suzanne Kuys
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A large survey on COVID-19 vaccination in patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy population
Chao Han, Zhen Zhen Zhao, Piu Chan, Fang Li, Chun Ling Chi, Xin Zhang, Yan Zhao, Jing Chen, Jing Hong Ma
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Role of SARS-CoV-2 in Modifying Neurodegenerative Processes in Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Jeremy M. Morowitz, Kaylyn B. Pogson, Daniel A. Roque, Frank C. Church
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(5): 536. CrossRef
Deep Learning Paradigm for Cardiovascular Disease/Stroke Risk Stratification in Parkinson’s Disease Affected by COVID-19: A Narrative Review
Jasjit S. Suri, Mahesh A. Maindarkar, Sudip Paul, Puneet Ahluwalia, Mrinalini Bhagawati, Luca Saba, Gavino Faa, Sanjay Saxena, Inder M. Singh, Paramjit S. Chadha, Monika Turk, Amer Johri, Narendra N. Khanna, Klaudija Viskovic, Sofia Mavrogeni, John R. Lai
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Journal of Neural Transmission.2022; 129(9): 1119. CrossRef

Letter to the editor

Resilience and Trauma among Patients with Parkinson’s Disease during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Roberto Erro, Sofia Cuoco, Emanuele Nigro, Raffaele Ragone, Paolo Barone; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(1):77-79. Published online April 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20126

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A systematic review of the factors associated with the psychological wellbeing of people with Parkinson’s in the COVID-19 pandemic
H. Gotheridge, F. J. R. Eccles, C. Murray, R. Henderson, J. Simpson
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Differential impact of resilience on demoralization and depression in Parkinson disease
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Sofia Cuoco, Immacolata Carotenuto, Arianna Cappiello, Rossella Bisogno, Marina Picillo, Maria Teresa Pellecchia, Paolo Barone, Roberto Erro
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Case Report

Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome Associated with COVID-19: Kuldeep Shetty, Atul Manchakrao Jadhav, Ranjith Jayanthakumar, Seema Jamwal, Tejaswini Shanubhogue, Mallepalli Prabhakar Reddy, Gopal Krishna Dash, Radhika Manohar, Vivek Jacob Philip, Vikram Huded; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(2):153-156. Published online April 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20106

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have increasingly been reported since the onset of the pandemic. Herein, we report a relatively new presentation. A patient in the convalescence period following a febrile illness with lower respiratory tract infection (fever, myalgia, nonproductive cough) presented with generalized disabling myoclonus, which is phenotypically suggestive of brainstem origin, along with additional truncal cerebellar ataxia. His neurology work-ups, such as brain MRI, electroencephalography, serum autoimmune and paraneoplastic antibody testing, were normal. His CT chest scan revealed right lower lung infiltrates, and serological and other laboratory testing did not show evidence of active infection. COVID-19 titers turned out to be strongly positive, suggestive of post-COVID-19 lung sequelae. He responded partially to antimyoclonic drugs and fully to a course of steroids, suggesting a para- or postinfectious immune-mediated pathophysiology. Myoclonusataxia syndrome appears to be a neurological manifestation of COVID-19 infection, and knowledge regarding this phenomenon should be increased among clinicians for better patient care in a pandemic situation.

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Original Article

Telemedicine in an Academic Movement Disorders Center during COVID-19: Christine Doss Esper, Laura Scorr, Sosi Papazian, Daniel Bartholomew, Gregory Jacob Esper, Stewart Alan Factor; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(2):119-125. Published online March 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20099

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Abstract PDF

Objective
Telemedicine has rapidly gained momentum in movement disorder neurology during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to preserve clinical care while mitigating the risks of in-person visits. We present data from the rapid implementation of virtual visits in a large, academic, movement disorder practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods
We describe the strategic shift to virtual visits and retrospectively examine elements that impacted the ability to switch to telemedicine visits using historical prepandemic in-person data as a comparator, including demographics, distance driven, and diagnosis distribution, with an additional focus on patients with deep brain stimulators.
Results
A total of 686 telemedicine visits were performed over a five-week period (60% of those previously scheduled for in-office visits). The average age of participants was 65 years, 45% were female, and 73% were Caucasian. Men were more likely to make the transition (p = 0.02). Telemedicine patients lived farther from the clinic than those seen in person (66.47 km vs. 42.16 km, p < 0.001), age was not associated with making the switch, and patient satisfaction did not change. There was a significant shift in the distribution of movement disorder diagnoses seen by telemedicine compared to prepandemic in-person visits (p < 0.001). Patients with deep brain stimulators were more likely to use telemedicine (11.5% vs. 7%, p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Telemedicine is feasible, viable and relevant in the care of movement disorder patients, although health care disparities appear evident for women and minorities. Patients with deep brain stimulators preferred telemedicine in our study. Further study is warranted to explore these findings.

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Rimal Bera, Morgan Bron, Betsy Benning, Samantha Cicero, Heintje Calara, Diane Darling, Ericha Franey, Kendra Martello, Charles Yonan
Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.2022; Volume 18: 2945. CrossRef

Viewpoint

Impact and Challenges of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients Requiring Botulinum Toxin A Treatment: Azalea Tenerife Pajo, Adrian Isidoro Espiritu, Roland Dominic Go Jamora; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(1):29-33. Published online January 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20088

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COVID-19-related delays of botulinum toxin injections have a negative impact on the quality of life of patients with dystonia and spasticity: a single-center ambulatory care study
Yvonne Teuschl, Christian Bancher, Michael Brainin, Alexandra Dachenhausen, Karl Matz, Michaela M. Pinter
Journal of Neural Transmission.2022; 129(1): 49. CrossRef

Letter to the editor

Encephalopathy and Complex Hyperkinesia in a Patient with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 Infection: Wenyang Li, Elif Pinar Coskun, Rolando Berger, John Thomas Slevin, Luther Creed Pettigrew; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(2):173-175. Published online January 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20084

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Case Report

Involuntary Movements Following Administration of Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Pneumonia: Emmaline Zantua Fernando, Jeryl Ritzi Tan Yu, Salvador Miclat Abad Santos, Roland Dominic Go Jamora; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(1):75-77. Published online December 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20091

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used as an investigational drug for patients with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There have been concerns of potential harms from side effects of the drug. We present a case of a 38-year-old male who was started on HCQ for COVID-19 pneumonia. He was referred for evaluation of myoclonus of all extremities, which resolved after discontinuation of HCQ. The involuntary movements were first reported after the initiation of HCQ, persisted despite improvement in inflammatory and radiologic parameters and eventually resolved after HCQ discontinuation. This supports a possible causality related to adverse drug reactions from HCQ that have not been commonly reported.

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Safety profile of COVID-19 drugs in a real clinical setting
Mei Nee Chiu, Maitry Bhardwaj, Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.2022; 78(5): 733. CrossRef
Eventos adversos no sistema nervoso central potencialmente relacionados aos medicamentos utilizados na COVID-19: revisão de escopo
Vinícius de Mello, Vinícius de Paula Pereira, João Paulo Vilela Rodrigues, Suelem Tavares da Silva Penteado, Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira, Fabiana Rossi Varallo
Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública.2022; 46: 1. CrossRef

Brief communication

Deep Brain Stimulation Battery Exhaustion during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Crisis within a Crisis: Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Koti Neeraja, Bharath Kumar Surisetti, Shweta Prasad, Nitish Kamble, Dwarakanath Srinivas, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(3):218-222. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20073

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Objective
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and public health measures to control it have resulted in unique challenges in the management of patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS). We report our experience with the management of acute worsening of symptoms due to battery exhaustion in 3 patients with DBS.
Methods
Patients with DBS for movement disorders who visited the emergency room due to battery exhaustion during the nationwide lockdown from April to May 2020 were included.
Results
Two patients with subthalamic nucleus-DBS for Parkinson’s disease (PD) and one with globus pallidus interna-DBS for generalized dystonia presented with acute worsening of symptoms due to battery exhaustion. Urgent battery replacement was performed in both patients with PD. The patient with generalized dystonia was managed with medication adjustment as he chose to defer battery replacement.
Conclusion
DBS battery replacement can be an emergency. Decisions regarding DBS battery replacement should be individualized during this COVID-19 pandemic.

Citations

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Brain Sciences.2023; 13(1): 131. CrossRef
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Vittorio Rispoli, Matías Eduardo Díaz Crescitelli, Francesco Cavallieri, Francesca Antonelli, Stefano Meletti, Luca Ghirotto, Franco Valzania
Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Movement Disorder Emergencies
Ishita Desai, Niraj Kumar
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.2022; 25(5): 801. CrossRef
Spectrum of Movement Disorder Emergencies in a Tertiary Care Center in India
Abhishek P. Bhoyar, Rohan Mahale, Nitish Kamble, Vikram Holla, Pramod Kumar Pal, Ravi Yadav
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.2022; 25(5): 890. CrossRef
Parkinsonism hyperpyraexia syndrome in Parkinson's disease patients undergoing deep brain stimulation: An indirect consequence of COVID-19 lockdowns
Onanong Phokaewvarangkul, Sasivimol Virameteekul, Roongroj Bhidayasiri
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2021; 87: 39. CrossRef
An Investigation Into Miniaturised Closed-Loop DBS Devices
Dean M. Corva, Scott D. Adams, Kevin E. Bennet, Parastoo Hashemi, Michael Berk, Abbas Z. Kouzani
IEEE Transactions on Medical Robotics and Bionics.2021; 3(3): 671. CrossRef
Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Parkinson's Disease
Niraj Kumar, Ravi Gupta
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.2021; 24(2): 121. CrossRef
Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Movement Disorders Patients With Deep Brain Stimulation: A Multicenter Survey
Carla Piano, Francesco Bove, Tommaso Tufo, Isabella Imbimbo, Danilo Genovese, Alessandro Stefani, Massimo Marano, Antonella Peppe, Livia Brusa, Rocco Cerroni, Francesco Motolese, Enrico Di Stasio, Marianna Mazza, Antonio Daniele, Alessandro Olivi, Paolo C
Frontiers in Neurology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef

Letter to the editor

COVID-19: Implications for Sudden Death in Parkinson’s Disease: Ana Claudia Fiorini, Marcelo Cunio Machado Fonseca, Carla Alessandra Scorza, Josef Finsterer, Antônio Márcio Rodrigues, Antônio-Carlos Guimarães de Almeida, Fulvio Alexandre Scorza; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(1):78-80. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20065

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