Journal of Movement Disorders

Volume 14(3); September 2021

Review Articles

Management of Parkinson’s Disease in the COVID-19 Pandemic and Future Perspectives in the Era of Vaccination: Yue Hui Lau, Keng Ming Lau, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):177-183. Published online July 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21034

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The current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) has led to a serious global health crisis. Increasing evidence suggests that elderly individuals with underlying chronic diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), are particularly vulnerable to this infection. Changes in the routine care of PD patients should be implemented carefully without affecting the quality provided. The utilization of telemedicine for clinical consultation, assessment and rehabilitation has also been widely recommended. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide recommendations in the management of PD during the pandemic as well as in the early phase of vaccination programs to highlight the potential sequelae and future perspectives of vaccination and further research in PD. Even though a year has passed since COVID- 19 emerged, most of us are still facing great challenges in providing a continuum of care to patients with chronic neurological disorders. However, we should regard this health crisis as an opportunity to change our routine approach in managing PD patients and learn more about the impact of SARS-CoV-2. Hopefully, PD patients can be vaccinated promptly, and more detailed research related to PD in COVID-19 can still be carried out.

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Increasing exercise with a mobile app in people with Parkinson’s disease: a pilot study
Jong Hyeon Ahn, Dongrul Shin, Dongyeong Lee, Hye Young Kim, Jinyoung Youn, Jin Whan Cho, Suzanne Kuys
Brain Impairment.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Potential convergence of olfactory dysfunction in Parkinson’s disease and COVID-19: The role of neuroinflammation
Hui Li, Junliang Qian, Youcui Wang, Juan Wang, Xiaoqing Mi, Le Qu, Ning Song, Junxia Xie
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A large survey on COVID-19 vaccination in patients with Parkinson’s disease and healthy population
Chao Han, Zhen Zhen Zhao, Piu Chan, Fang Li, Chun Ling Chi, Xin Zhang, Yan Zhao, Jing Chen, Jing Hong Ma
Vaccine.2023; 41(43): 6483. CrossRef
Role of SARS-CoV-2 in Modifying Neurodegenerative Processes in Parkinson’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Jeremy M. Morowitz, Kaylyn B. Pogson, Daniel A. Roque, Frank C. Church
Brain Sciences.2022; 12(5): 536. CrossRef
Deep Learning Paradigm for Cardiovascular Disease/Stroke Risk Stratification in Parkinson’s Disease Affected by COVID-19: A Narrative Review
Jasjit S. Suri, Mahesh A. Maindarkar, Sudip Paul, Puneet Ahluwalia, Mrinalini Bhagawati, Luca Saba, Gavino Faa, Sanjay Saxena, Inder M. Singh, Paramjit S. Chadha, Monika Turk, Amer Johri, Narendra N. Khanna, Klaudija Viskovic, Sofia Mavrogeni, John R. Lai
Diagnostics.2022; 12(7): 1543. CrossRef
Movement disorders in COVID-19 times: impact on care in movement disorders and Parkinson disease
Sabrina Poonja, K. Ray Chaudhuri, Janis M. Miyasaki
Current Opinion in Neurology.2022; 35(4): 494. CrossRef
Viruses, parkinsonism and Parkinson’s disease: the past, present and future
Valentina Leta, Daniele Urso, Lucia Batzu, Yue Hui Lau, Donna Mathew, Iro Boura, Vanessa Raeder, Cristian Falup-Pecurariu, Daniel van Wamelen, K. Ray Chaudhuri
Journal of Neural Transmission.2022; 129(9): 1119. CrossRef

Parkinson’s Disease and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Review Article on the Association between SARS-CoV-2 and α-Synucleinopathy: Smriti Sinha, Swati Mittal, Rupali Roy; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):184-192. Published online July 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21046

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Abstract PDF

There is an extensive debate on the neurological consequences of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and its impact on Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients, which seems to puzzle neurologists. Links between viral infections and PD have long been suspected and studied, but the exact relationship remains elusive. Since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV- 2) enters the brain through multiple routes and has a direct impact on the brain, cumulative damage occurs due to the activation of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. SARS-CoV-2 seems to aggravate PD due to its effects on α-synuclein, mitochondrial dysfunction, and dopamine depletion. A few studies have even highlighted the higher vulnerability of PD patients to COVID-19. The sudden dramatic change in lifestyle caused by the pandemic and the widespread lockdowns that were implemented have added to the hidden sorrows of PD patients, as they already have a compromised mechanism for coping with stress. This review summarizes insights from basic science and the clinical effect of SARS-CoV-2 infection on the human brain, with a specific focus on PD.

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Assessment of the relationship between the dopaminergic pathway and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, with related neuropathological features, and potential therapeutic approaches in COVID‐19 infection
Yousef Rasmi, Ameneh Shokati, Shima Hatamkhani, Yeganeh Farnamian, Roya Naderi, Ladan Jalali
Reviews in Medical Virology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 Infection to Premature Neuronal Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases: Is there any Connection with Hypoxia?
Narmadhaa Sivagurunathan, Latchoumycandane Calivarathan
CNS & Neurological Disorders - Drug Targets.2024; 23(4): 431. CrossRef
Deciphering the molecular pathways underlying dopaminergic neuronal damage in Parkinson's disease associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection
Qiuhan Xu, Sisi Jiang, Ruiqing Kang, Yiling Wang, Baorong Zhang, Jun Tian
Computers in Biology and Medicine.2024; 171: 108200. CrossRef
Axial Improvement after Casirivimab/Imdevimab Treatment for COVID-19 in Parkinson’s Disease
Valentina Fioravanti, Francesco Cavallieri, Alessio Di Fonzo, Giulia Toschi, Sara Grisanti, Gaetano Salomone, Mario Zappia, Franco Valzania
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.2023; 50(5): 777. CrossRef
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Pei Huang, Lin-Yuan Zhang, Yu-Yan Tan, Sheng-Di Chen
Translational Neurodegeneration.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Does the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Hamper the Amyloid Transformation of Alpha-Synuclein after All?
Yulia Stroylova, Anastasiia Konstantinova, Victor Stroylov, Ivan Katrukha, Fedor Rozov, Vladimir Muronetz
Biomedicines.2023; 11(2): 498. CrossRef
Sex and age affect acute and persisting COVID-19 illness
Anna Vasilevskaya, Asma Mushtaque, Michelle Y. Tsang, Batoul Alwazan, Margaret Herridge, Angela M. Cheung, Maria Carmela Tartaglia
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Vulnerability of Parkinson’s Patients to COVID-19 and Its Consequences and Effects on Them: A Systematic Review
Sorayya Rezayi, Meysam Rahmani Katigari, Leila Shahmoradi, Mehrbakhsh Nilashi, Hélio Teive
Parkinson's Disease.2023; 2023: 1. CrossRef
COVID-19 and neurological sequelae: Vitamin D as a possible neuroprotective and/or neuroreparative agent
Sebastián García Menéndez, Virna Margarita Martín Giménez, Michael F. Holick, Francisco J. Barrantes, Walter Manucha
Life Sciences.2022; 297: 120464. CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 Proteins Interact with Alpha Synuclein and Induce Lewy Body-like Pathology In Vitro
Zhengcun Wu, Xiuao Zhang, Zhangqiong Huang, Kaili Ma
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2022; 23(6): 3394. CrossRef
COVID-19 and Parkinsonism: A Critical Appraisal
Francesco Cavallieri, Valentina Fioravanti, Francesco Bove, Eleonora Del Prete, Sara Meoni, Sara Grisanti, Marialuisa Zedde, Rosario Pascarella, Elena Moro, Franco Valzania
Biomolecules.2022; 12(7): 970. CrossRef
SARS-CoV-2 mediated neurological disorders in COVID-19: Measuring the pathophysiology and immune response
Pi-Ching Hsu, Md. Shahed-Al-Mahmud
Life Sciences.2022; 308: 120981. CrossRef
COVID-19 і хвороба Паркінсона
I.M. Karaban, T.V. Hasiuk, N.V. Karasevych
INTERNATIONAL NEUROLOGICAL JOURNAL.2022; 18(3): 46. CrossRef

Emerging Nondopaminergic Medications for Parkinson’s Disease: Focusing on A_2A Receptor Antagonists and GLP1 Receptor Agonists: Pei Shang, Matthew Baker, Samantha Banks, Sa-Ik Hong, Doo-Sup Choi; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):193-203. Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21035

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Abstract PDF

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a severe neurodegenerative disease characterized by classic motor features associated with the loss of dopaminergic neurons and appearance of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra. Due to the complexity of PD, a definitive diagnosis in the early stages and effective management of symptoms in later stages are difficult to achieve in clinical practice. Previous research has shown that colocalization of A_2A receptors (A_2AR) and dopamine D₂ receptors (D₂R) may induce an antagonistic interaction between adenosine and dopamine. Clinical trials have found that the A_2AR antagonist istradefylline decreases dyskinesia in PD and could be used as an adjuvant to levodopa treatment. Meanwhile, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) mainly facilitates glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling. Preclinical experiments and clinical trials of GLP1 receptor (GLP1R) agonists show that they may be effective in alleviating neuroinflammation and sustaining cellular functions in the central nervous system of patients with PD. In this review, we summarize up-to-date findings on the usefulness of A_2AR antagonists and GLP1R agonists in PD management. We explain the molecular mechanisms of these medications and their interactions with other neurotransmitter receptors. Furthermore, we discuss the efficacy and limitations of A_2AR antagonists and GLP1R agonists in clinical practice.

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Locomotor Behavior and Memory Dysfunction Induced by 3-Nitropropionic Acid in Adult Zebrafish: Modulation of Dopaminergic Signaling
Melissa Talita Wiprich, Rafaela da Rosa Vasques, Darlan Gusso, Gabriel Rübensam, Luiza Wilges Kist, Mauricio Reis Bogo, Carla Denise Bonan
Molecular Neurobiology.2024; 61(2): 609. CrossRef
Purinergic signaling: A gatekeeper of blood-brain barrier permeation
Yuemei Wang, Yuanbing Zhu, Junmeng Wang, Longcong Dong, Shuqing Liu, Sihui Li, Qiaofeng Wu
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Strategies for Drug Delivery into the Brain: A Review on Adenosine Receptors Modulation for Central Nervous System Diseases Therapy
Mercedes Fernandez, Manuela Nigro, Alessia Travagli, Silvia Pasquini, Fabrizio Vincenzi, Katia Varani, Pier Andrea Borea, Stefania Merighi, Stefania Gessi
Pharmaceutics.2023; 15(10): 2441. CrossRef
Restoring autophagic function: a case for type 2 diabetes mellitus drug repurposing in Parkinson’s disease
Marco Greco, Anas Munir, Debora Musarò, Chiara Coppola, Michele Maffia
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Adenosine receptors: Emerging non-opioids targets for pain medications
Soo-Min Jung, Lee Peyton, Hesham Essa, Doo-Sup Choi
Neurobiology of Pain.2022; 11: 100087. CrossRef
A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists: Are Triazolotriazine and Purine Scaffolds Interchangeable?
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Molecules.2022; 27(8): 2386. CrossRef
Pathophysiological Role and Medicinal Chemistry of A2A Adenosine Receptor Antagonists in Alzheimer’s Disease
Stefania Merighi, Pier Andrea Borea, Katia Varani, Fabrizio Vincenzi, Alessia Travagli, Manuela Nigro, Silvia Pasquini, R. Rama Suresh, Sung Won Kim, Nora D. Volkow, Kenneth A. Jacobson, Stefania Gessi
Molecules.2022; 27(9): 2680. CrossRef
Modulation of adenosine signaling reverses 3-nitropropionic acid-induced bradykinesia and memory impairment in adult zebrafish
Melissa Talita Wiprich, Stefani Altenhofen, Darlan Gusso, Rafaela da Rosa Vasques, Rodrigo Zanandrea, Luiza Wilges Kist, Mauricio Reis Bogo, Carla Denise Bonan
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry.2022; 119: 110602. CrossRef
A Focus on Astrocyte Contribution to Parkinson’s Disease Etiology
Giselle Prunell, Silvia Olivera-Bravo
Biomolecules.2022; 12(12): 1745. CrossRef

Viewpoint

Does Restless Legs Syndrome Have a Different Pathomechanism in Premotor and Motor Parkinson’s Disease?: Stefano Calzetti, Anna Negrotti, Vladimiro Pietrini; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):204-207. Published online September 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20160

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Widening the Spectrum of Risk Factors, Comorbidities, and Prodromal Features of Parkinson Disease
Anette Schrag, Jens Bohlken, Lotte Dammertz, Stefan Teipel, Wiebke Hermann, Manas K. Akmatov, Jörg Bätzing, Jakob Holstiege
JAMA Neurology.2023; 80(2): 161. CrossRef

Original Articles

The Four Square Step Test for Assessing Cognitively Demanding Dynamic Balance in Parkinson’s Disease Patients: Jinhee Kim, Ilsoo Kim, Ye Eun Kim, Seong-Beom Koh; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):208-213. Published online May 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20146

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
The Four Square Step Test (FSST) is a tool that assesses dynamic balance during obstacle step-over. To date, few studies have used the FSST to measure balance in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to verify that patients with PD, even at the de novo early stage, take more time to perform the FSST and identify which factors, cognitive status or cardinal motor symptoms, are related most to FSST scores.
Methods
Thirty-five newly diagnosed drug-naïve patients with PD and 17 controls completed the FSST. The Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) stage, spatiotemporal gait parameters, and neuropsychological test battery were also assessed in the PD group.
Results
Mean FSST performance time was 8.20 ± 1.61 seconds in patients with PD, which was significantly more than the control group (7.13 ± 1.10 seconds, p = 0.018). UPDRS part III total score and H&Y stage were not significantly associated with FSST, but among the UPDRS subscores, only the postural instability/gait disturbance subscore showed a significant association. Regarding the association between FSST and cognition, the Trail Making Test-B and the Color Word Stroop Test showed strongly inverse correlations with FSST (rho = -0.598 and -0.590, respectively). With respect to gait parameters, double support time was significantly associated with FSST score (rho = 0.342, p = 0.044); however, other parameters, including velocity and step length, were not associated with the FSST.
Conclusion
The FSST can be used in the clinic to assess dynamic balance with cognitive demands even in the early stages of PD.

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Impact of mobile phone usage on dynamic postural control among South Indian college students
S. Dhanusia, S. Santhana Lakshmi, Ajith Kumar, R. Prabhu, Vignesh Srinivasan, Prathap Suganthirababu, Priyadharshini Kumar, A. Kumaresan, Surya Vishnuram, Jagatheesan Alagesan, Rajkumar Krishnan Vasanthi
Work.2024; : 1. CrossRef
A Computer Vision-Based System to Help Health Professionals to Apply Tests for Fall Risk Assessment
Jesús Damián Blasco-García, Gabriel García-López, Marta Jiménez-Muñoz, Juan Antonio López-Riquelme, Jorge Juan Feliu-Batlle, Nieves Pavón-Pulido, María-Trinidad Herrero
Sensors.2024; 24(6): 2015. CrossRef
2023 Carol B. Lewis Distinguished Lecture Address to the APTA Geriatrics Membership Combined Sections Meeting, February 23, 2023 Key Words & Challenges: Defining Our Role in Caring for Older Adults
Michelle M. Lusardi
Journal of Geriatric Physical Therapy.2023; 46(2): 93. CrossRef
The relationship between visual function and physical performance in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA)
Atalie C. Thompson, Eileen Johnson, Michael E. Miller, Jeff D. Williamson, Anne B. Newman, Steve Cummings, Peggy Cawthon, Stephen B. Kritchevsky, Eric R. Anson
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Relationship between parental history of dementia, motor-cognitive and executive function performance in African American women
Allison A. Bay, Nicole Schindler, Whitney Wharton, Hayley Silverstein, Liang Ni, Todd A. Prusin, Madeleine E. Hackney
Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2022; 439: 120305. CrossRef

Increased Mortality in Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: Eldbjørg Hustad, Tor Åge Myklebust, Sasha Gulati, Jan O. Aasly; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):214-220. Published online July 29, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21029

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Objective
Few studies have followed Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients from the time of diagnosis to the date of death. This study compared mortality in the Trondheim PD cohort to the general population, investigated causes of death and analyzed the associations between mortality and age at disease onset (AAO) and cognitive decline defined as Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score below 26.
Methods
The cohort was followed longitudinally from 1997. By the end of January 2020, 587 patients had died. Comparisons to the Norwegian population were performed by calculating standardized mortality ratios (SMRs). Survival curves were estimated using the standard Kaplan-Meier estimator, and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were estimated to investigate associations.
Results
SMR was 2.28 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.13–2.44] for the whole cohort. For participants with AAO 20–39 years, the SMR was 5.55 (95% CI: 3.38–8.61). Median survival was 15 years (95% CI: 14.2–15.5) for the whole cohort. Early-onset PD (EOPD) patients (AAO < 50 years) had the longest median survival time. For all groups, there was a significant shortening in median survival time and an almost 3-fold higher age- and sex-adjusted hazard ratio for death when the MoCA score decreased below 26.
Conclusion
PD patients with an AAO before 40 years had a more than fivefold higher mortality rate compared to a similar general population. EOPD patients had the longest median survival; however, their life expectancy was reduced to a greater degree than that of late-onset PD patients. Cognitive impairment was strongly associated with mortality in PD.

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Case‐Fatality Rate in Parkinson's Disease: A Nationwide Registry Study
Jussi O.T. Sipilä, Valtteri Kaasinen, Päivi Rautava, Ville Kytö
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2024; 11(2): 152. CrossRef
Tinetti balance performance is associated with mortality in older adults with late-onset Parkinson’s disease: a longitudinal study
Louise Laurent, Pierre Koskas, Janina Estrada, Mélanie Sebbagh, Sophie Lacaille, Agathe Raynaud-Simon, Matthieu Lilamand
BMC Geriatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Letter in response to Cole-Hunter et al., 2023: What does “Parkinson’s disease mortality” mean?
Isabell Katharina Rumrich, Valtteri Kaasinen, Otto Hänninen, Sirpa Hartikainen, Anna-Maija Tolppanen
Environment International.2023; 173: 107852. CrossRef
Differences in Survival across Monogenic Forms of Parkinson's Disease
Aymeric Lanore, Fanny Casse, Christelle Tesson, Thomas Courtin, Poornima Jayadev Menon, Sara Sambin, Graziella Mangone, Louise‐Laure Mariani, Suzanne Lesage, Alexis Brice, Alexis Elbaz, Jean‐Christophe Corvol
Annals of Neurology.2023; 94(1): 123. CrossRef
Real-World Prescription Patterns For Patients With Young-Onset Parkinson’s Disease in China: A Trend Analysis From 2014 to 2019
Xiao-qin Liu, Xiao-yu Wang, Hui-ming Shen, Wen-yuan Pang, Ming-kang Zhong, Chun-lai Ma
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) is highly correlated with 1-year mortality in hip fracture patients
R. M. Y. Wong, R. W. K. Ng, W. W. Chau, W. H. Liu, S. K. H. Chow, C. Y. Tso, N. Tang, W.-H. Cheung
Osteoporosis International.2022; 33(10): 2185. CrossRef
Obituary for Jan O. Aasly (1950–2022)
Matthew J. Farrer
Movement Disorders.2022; 37(9): 1783. CrossRef
Age Cutoff for Early‐Onset Parkinson's Disease: Recommendations from the International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society Task Force on Early Onset Parkinson's Disease
Raja Mehanna, Katarzyna Smilowska, Jori Fleisher, Bart Post, Taku Hatano, Maria Elisa Pimentel Piemonte, Kishore Raj Kumar, Victor McConvey, Baorong Zhang, Eng‐King Tan, Rodolfo Savica
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2022; 9(7): 869. CrossRef

Brief communications

Investigation of Nocturnal Hypokinesia and Health-Related Quality of Life in Parkinsonian Patients with the Korean Version of the Nocturnal Hypokinesia Questionnaire: Ji-Hyun Choi, Jee-Young Lee, Chaewon Shin, Dallah Yoo, Jin Hee Im, Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Tae-Beom Ahn, Jong-Min Kim, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):221-225. Published online May 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20172

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
To assess nocturnal hypokinesia using the Korean version of the Nocturnal Hypokinesia Questionnaire (NHQ-K) in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients across disease stages.
Methods
We developed the NHQ-K and performed questionnaire-based interviews with 108 PD patients from three referral hospitals. Clinical associations of nocturnal hypokinesia and its impact on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were also analyzed.
Results
The NHQ-K showed acceptable internal consistency (0.83) and interrater reliability (0.95). Nocturnal hypokinesia significantly affected HRQoL in PD patients at both the early and advanced stages (adjusted p < 0.001). Increased severity of nocturnal hypokinesia was associated with dyskinesias, off-period disability, apathy, and anxious mood in PD patients (adjusted p < 0.01) after controlling for disease severity and medication dose.
Conclusion
The NHQ-K is useful for screening nocturnal hypokinesia in PD patients. Given the high impact of nocturnal hypokinesia on HRQoL, comprehensive management of nocturnal disability is needed for PD patients.

Citations

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Technological evaluation of strategies to get out of bed by people with Parkinson's disease: Insights from multisite wearable sensors
Jirada Sringean, Chusak Thanawattano, Roongroj Bhidayasiri
Frontiers in Medical Technology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Phonatory Characteristics of Male Patients with Classic Essential Tremor: Preetie Shetty Akkunje, Belur Keshavaprasad Yamini, Ravi Yadav, Nagarajarao Shivashankar, Palash Kumar Malo, Kandavel Thennarasu, Shantala Hegde, Pramod Kumar Pal; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):226-230. Published online August 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21010

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
Voice tremor (VT) is one of the characteristics of essential tremor (ET). This study was designed to describe the group and phonatory characteristics of classic ET patients with VT.
Methods
This retrospective case-control study compared classic ET patients with age and sex-matched controls. The ET population was subgrouped based on auditory perceptual voice analysis. Electroglottography and acoustic voice samples obtained from both groups were analyzed for contact quotient (CQ) and multidimensional voice program parameters, i.e., fundamental frequency (F₀), perturbation, noise, and tremor parameters.
Results
The CQ, F₀, perturbation, noise, and tremor characteristics significantly increased from the moderate VT group to the severe VT group.
Conclusion
The CQ, F₀, and noise characteristics reflected the vocal folds’ functionality. The perturbation and tremor parameters variation were reasoned considering the tremor-related changes occurring in the laryngeal, vocal tract, and expiratory muscles in patients with ET. Thus, phonatory analysis may help in monitoring the progression of ET.

Citations

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Voice Analysis in Patients with Essential Tremor
Hakan Silek, Muzeyyen Dogan
Journal of Voice.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Clinical and Imaging Profile of Patients with Joubert Syndrome: Bharath Kumar Surisetti, Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Shweta Prasad, Koti Neeraja, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):231-235. Published online September 16, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21066

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Objective
Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare syndrome characterized by ataxia and the molar tooth sign (MTS) on imaging. The present study aims to explore the clinical and radiological features in a cohort of patients with JS.
Methods
This was a retrospective chart review of patients with JS evaluated by movement disorder specialists.
Results
Nine patients were included in the study. All patients had facial dysmorphism and ocular abnormalities, and 4 patients had dystonia. Ocular tilt reaction and alternate skew deviation (66%) were the most common ocular abnormalities. Horizontally aligned superior cerebellar peduncles were observed in all four patients with diffusion tensor imaging, with a lack of decussation in three. Exome sequencing performed in four patients revealed novel variants in the MKS1, CPLANE1, and PIBF1 genes.
Conclusion
Facial dysmorphism, ocular abnormalities and classical imaging findings were observed in all patients with JS. Apart from ataxia, dystonia and myoclonus are other movement disorders observed in JS.

Citations

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Clinical and genetic characteristics of 36 children with Joubert syndrome
Yan Dong, Ke Zhang, He Yao, Tianming Jia, Jun Wang, Dengna Zhu, Falin Xu, Meiying Cheng, Shichao Zhao, Xiaoyi Shi
Frontiers in Pediatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
CEP104 gene may involve in the pathogenesis of a new developmental disorder other than joubert syndrome
Reza Shervin Badv, Mojdeh Mahdiannasser, Maryam Rasoulinezhad, Laleh Habibi, Ali Rashidi-Nezhad
Molecular Biology Reports.2022; 49(8): 7231. CrossRef
Congenital Brain Malformations: An Integrated Diagnostic Approach
Bimal P. Chaudhari, Mai-Lan Ho
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology.2022; 42: 100973. CrossRef

Case Report

Focused Vibrotactile Stimulation with Cueing Effect on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease: Two Case Reports: Xiu Sheng Tan, Floyd Pierres, Alex Dallman-Porter, William Hardie-Brown, Kyum-Yil Kwon; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(3):236-238. Published online September 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21076

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common occurrence in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) that leads to significant limitations in mobility and increases risk of falls. Focused vibrotactile stimulation and cueing are two methods used to alleviate motor symptoms, including FOG, in patients with PD. While effective on their own, the effect of combining both focused vibrotactile stimulation and cueing has yet to be investigated. Two patients, both with a history of PD, suffered from frequent FOG episodes that failed to respond adequately to medication. A novel vibrotactile stimulation device that delivered rhythmic kinesthetic stimuli onto the sternum successfully reduced FOG episodes in both patients and drastically improved their mobility as measured by the Timed Up and Go test. We found that a combination of focused vibrotactile stimulation and cueing was effective in reducing FOG episodes in two patients with PD. Further well-designed prospective studies are needed to confirm our observations.

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Joji Fujikawa, Ryoma Morigaki, Nobuaki Yamamoto, Teruo Oda, Hiroshi Nakanishi, Yuishin Izumi, Yasushi Takagi
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Exploring a New Cueing Device in People Who Experience Freezing of Gait: Acceptance of a Study Design
Agnes Wilhelm, Tanja Riedl, Christian Paumann, Jessie Janssen, Hélio Teive
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Future Therapeutic Strategies for Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease
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Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Letters to the editor

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Nonketotic hyperglycemic hemichorea‐hemiballismus in a pediatric patient: A case report
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