Journal of Movement Disorders

Review Article

Diagnosis and Clinical Features in Autoimmune-Mediated Movement Disorders: Pei-Chen Hsieh, Yih-Ru Wu; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(2):95-105. Published online May 26, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21077

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Movement disorders are common manifestations in autoimmune-mediated encephalitis. This group of diseases is suspected to be triggered by infection or neoplasm. Certain phenotypes correlate with specific autoantibody-related neurological disorders, such as orofacial-lingual dyskinesia with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and faciobrachial dystonic seizures with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 encephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment, especially for autoantibodies targeting neuronal surface antigens, can improve prognosis. In contrast, the presence of autoantibodies against intracellular neuronal agents warrants screening for underlying malignancy. However, early clinical diagnosis is challenging because these diseases can be misdiagnosed. In this article, we review the distinctive clinical phenotypes, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and current treatment options for autoimmune-mediated encephalitis.

Case Reports

Treatment of Acute Delirium in a Patient with Parkinson’s Disease by Transfer to the Intensive Care Unit and Administration of Dexmedetomidine: Morgan Lombardo, Amanda DiPiazza, Kelly Rippey, Naomi Lubarr, Elana Clar, Hooman Azmi; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(2):159-162. Published online May 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20005

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The treatment of delirium or psychosis in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) can be complicated by the limited number of pharmacological agents that can be used in this population. Typical and atypical antipsychotics are contraindicated, as they can worsen motor symptoms. The treatment of acute delirium is even more complicated in the hospital setting, as many medications deemed safer in this population are only available in oral form. We present a case of acute delirium in a patient with PD, likely precipitated by a polypharmacy interaction of new medications, that was successfully managed by transferring the patient to the intensive care unit and administering dexmedetomidine for 72 hours.

Citations

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Toxin Induced Parkinsonism and Hospitalization Related Adverse Outcome Mitigation for Parkinson’s Disease: A Comprehensive Review
Kenneth R. Dalton, Charles J. Kidd, Nawaz Hack
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(3): 1074. CrossRef
Fountain of youth—Targeting autophagy in aging
Lea Danics, Anna Anoir Abbas, Balázs Kis, Karolina Pircs
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of dexmedetomidine on postoperative delirium in patients undergoing brain tumour resections: study protocol of a randomised controlled trial
Dexiang Wang, Ruowen Li, Shu Li, Juan Wang, Min Zeng, Jia Dong, Xiaoyuan Liu, Nan Lin, Yuming Peng
BMJ Open.2021; 11(11): e051584. CrossRef

Spinal Myoclonus Responding to Continuous Intrathecal Morphine Pump: Jung-Eun Ahn, Dallah Yoo, Ki-Young Jung, Jong-Min Kim, Beomseok Jeon, Myung Chong Lee; J Mov Disord. 2017;10(3):158-160. Published online September 12, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17023

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Abstract PDF

Spinal myoclonus is a sudden, brief, and involuntary movement of segmental or propriospinal muscle groups. Spinal myoclonus has occasionally been reported in patients undergoing opioid therapy, but the pathophysiology of opioid-induced myoclonus has not been elucidated yet. Here, we present two patients with spinal segmental myoclonus secondary to ischemic and radiation myelopathy. Conventional medications did not help treat persistent myoclonus in both legs. Continuous intrathecal morphine infusion was implanted for pain control in one patient, which relieved spinal myoclonus entirely. This experience led to the application of this method with a second patient, leading to the same gratifying result. Spinal myoclonus reemerged as soon as the morphine pumps were off, which confirmed the therapeutic role of opioids. In contrast to the opioid-induced myoclonus, these cases show a benefit of opioids on spinal myoclonus, which could be explained by synaptic reorganization after pathologic insults in the spinal cord.

Citations

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Spinal segmental myoclonus following spinal surgery
Shrikant Pande, Kokcher Ang, May Win Myat, Shermyn Neo, Sivashankar Subramaniam
British Journal of Neurosurgery.2023; 37(3): 393. CrossRef
Movement Disorders Associated With Radiotherapy and Surgical Procedures
Bharath Kumar Surisetti, Shweta Prasad, Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal
Journal of Movement Disorders.2023; 16(1): 42. CrossRef
Myoclonus: An Electrophysiological Diagnosis
Shabbir Hussain I. Merchant, Felipe Vial‐Undurraga, Giorgio Leodori, Jay A. van Gerpen, Mark Hallett
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2020; 7(5): 489. CrossRef

Review Article

Movement Disorders Following Cerebrovascular Lesions: Etiology, Treatment Options and Prognosis: Do-Young Kwon; J Mov Disord. 2016;9(2):63-70. Published online May 25, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16008

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Abstract PDF

Post-stroke movement disorders are uncommon, but comprise an important part of secondary movement disorders. These exert variable and heterogeneous clinical courses according to the stroke lesion and its temporal relationships. Moreover, the predominant stroke symptoms hinder a proper diagnosis in clinical practice. This article describes the etiology, treatment options and prognosis of post-stroke movement disorders.

Citations

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Post-stroke movement disorders disappearance: a report of disappearance of tardive dyskinesia after stroke and a literature review
Min Seung Kim, InJa Shin, Don Gueu Park, Jung han Yoon
Acta Neurologica Belgica.2023; 123(5): 2005. CrossRef
Monochorea after acute contralateral pontine infarction: A case report
Yun Su Hwang, Byoung-Soo Shin, Han Uk Ryu, Hyun Goo Kang
Medicine.2023; 102(3): e32660. CrossRef
Adult-onset sporadic chorea: real-world data from a single-centre retrospective study
Roberta Bovenzi, Matteo Conti, Rocco Cerroni, Mariangela Pierantozzi, Alessandro Stefani, Antonio Pisani, Nicola Biagio Mercuri, Tommaso Schirinzi
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Parkinsonism and ataxia
Giulia Franco, Giulia Lazzeri, Alessio Di Fonzo
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Movement Disorders Associated With Cerebral Artery Stenosis: A Nationwide Study
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Frontiers in Neurology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Post-stroke Movement Disorders: Clinical Spectrum, Pathogenesis, and Management
Priyanka Tater, Sanjay Pandey
Neurology India.2021; 69(2): 272. CrossRef
Hemibalismo y hemicorea secundarios a un ataque cerebrovascular isquémico insular, una presentación inusual: reporte de caso
Carlos Martínez-Rubio, Hellen Kreinter-Rosenbaum, Habib Moutran-Barroso
Neurología Argentina.2020; 12(3): 207. CrossRef
Hemiballismus in subcortical lacunar infarcts
ChinyeluUchenna Ufoaroh, OvercomerNnaemeka Agah, Nnamdi Morah, ErnestNdukaife Anyabolu
Nigerian Journal of Medicine.2020; 29(3): 527. CrossRef
COVID-19 and stroke: Red flags for secondary movement disorders?
Daniella Balduino Victorino, Marcia Guimarães-Marques, Mariana Nejm, Fulvio Alexandre Scorza, Carla Alessandra Scorza
eNeurologicalSci.2020; 21: 100289. CrossRef
Post-stroke restless arm syndrome mimicking hemichorea–hemiballism
Ha-yom Kim, Moon-Ho Park, Do-Young Kwon
Acta Neurologica Belgica.2017; 117(3): 791. CrossRef
Vascular Pathology Causing Late Onset Generalized Chorea: A Clinico‐Pathological Case Report
Paula Salgado, Ricardo Taipa, Joana Domingos, Daniel Dias, Manuel Melo Pires, Marina Magalhães
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2017; 4(6): 819. CrossRef

Original Articles

Cardiovascular Autonomic Dysfunction in Mild and Advanced Parkinson’s Disease: Joong-Seok Kim, Si-Hoon Lee, Yoon-Sang Oh, Jeong-Wook Park, Jae-Young An, Sung-Kyung Park, Si-Ryung Han, Kwang-Soo Lee; J Mov Disord. 2016;9(2):97-103. Published online March 28, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16001

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Abstract PDF

Objective
The purpose of the present study was to investigate cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) with mild to severe stages of motor symptoms and to compare cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction between drug-naïve and dopaminergic drug-treated groups.
Methods
This study included 188 PD patients and 25 age-matched healthy controls who underwent head-up tilt-testing, 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring and 24-h Holter monitoring. Autonomic function test results were evaluated among groups categorized by motor symptom severities (mild vs. moderate vs. severe) and treatment (drug-naïve or dopaminergic drug treatment).
Results
Orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension were more frequent in patients with PD than in healthy controls. The frequencies of orthostatic hypotension, supine hypertension, nocturnal hypertension and non-dipping were not different among groups. Additionally, no significant differences were detected in supine BP, orthostatic BP change, nighttime BP, nocturnal BP dipping, or heart rate variabilities among groups.
Conclusions
Cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction is not confined to moderate to severe PD patients, and starts early in the course of the disease in a high proportion of PD patients. In addition, dopaminergic drug treatments do not affect cardiovascular autonomic function.

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Nationwide Survey of Patient Knowledge and Attitudes towards Human Experimentation Using Stem Cells or Bee Venom Acupuncture for Parkinson’s Disease: Sun Ju Chung, Seong Beom Koh, Young-Su Ju, Jae Woo Kim; J Mov Disord. 2014;7(2):84-91. Published online October 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.14012

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective Stem cell treatment is a well-recognized experimental treatment among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), for which there are high expectations of a positive impact. Acupuncture with bee venom is one of the most popular complementary and alternative treatments for PD. Patient knowledge and attitudes towards these experimental treatments are unknown.
Methods Using a 12-item questionnaire, a nationwide survey was conducted of 963 PD patients and 267 caregivers in 44 Korean Movement Disorders Society member hospitals from April 2013 to June 2013. The survey was performed by trained interviewers using conventional methods.
Results Regarding questions on experimental treatments using stem cells or bee venom acupuncture, 5.1–17.7% of PD patients answered questions on safety, efficacy, and evidence-based practice incorrectly; however, more than half responded that they did not know the correct answer. Although safety and efficacy have not been established, 55.5% of PD patients responded that they were willing to receive stem cell treatment. With regard to participating in experimental treatments, there was a strong correlation between stem cell treatment and bee venom acupuncture (p < 0.0001, odds ratio = 5.226, 95% confidence interval 3.919–6.969). Younger age, higher education, and a longer duration of PD were all associated with a correct understanding of experimental treatments.
Conclusions Our data suggest that relatively few PD patients correctly understand the safety and efficacy of experimental treatments and that PD patients are greatly interested in new treatments. We hope that our data will be used to educate or to plan educational programs for PD patients and caregivers.

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Shahd E Sharaf, Safaa Alsanosi, Abdullah R Alzahrani, Saeed S Al-Ghamdi, Sharaf E Sharaf, Nahla Ayoub
International Journal of General Medicine.2022; Volume 15: 1171. CrossRef
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