Garces et al. [1] |
74 |
F |
CRF |
2 |
Confusion, myoclonus |
4 |
N/A |
Clinical resolution 24 h after discontinuation |
Thabet et al. [3] |
54 |
M |
CRF--BUN: 137 mg/dL on day 1 |
1 |
Confusion, myoclonic jerks, NCSE |
10 |
Phenytoin sodium valproic acid |
Died on day 11 due to septic shock |
Thabet et al. [3] |
79 |
F |
Normal-BUN/Cr: 22/1.2 CrCl: 44.47 mL/min |
4 |
Confusion, jerky movement of arms |
2 |
Lorazepam valproic acid |
Clinical resolution within 3 days |
Thabet et al. [3] |
66 |
F |
ARF--CrCl went from 88 to 30 mL/min |
6 |
Confusion, myoclonic jerks of lower limbs |
12 |
Clonazepam valproic acid |
Symptoms improved 48 hours later |
Thabet et al. [3] |
65 |
M |
ARF |
2 |
Coma, myoclonic jerks in all extremities |
6 |
Phenytoin |
Clinical resolution within 1 month |
Thabet et al. [3] |
65 |
M |
ARF--Cr: 2.79 mg/dL |
2 |
Confusion, myoclonus, NCSE |
12 |
Clonazepam |
Complete recovery; discharged on day 41 after admission |
Thabet et al. [3] |
79 |
M |
CRF--Cr: 4.5 mg/dL |
1 |
Confusion, mild limb or facial myoclonus |
6 |
Clonazepam valproic acid |
Clinical resolution within 4 days |
Thabet et al. [3] |
64 |
F |
CRF--Cr: 5.0 |
1 |
Agitation, confusion, myoclonus, mild limb or facial myoclonus |
5 |
Clonazepam phenytoin |
Immediate clinical resolution within one day |
Thabet et al. [3] |
86 |
M |
CRF--Cr: 5.1 mg/dL |
4 |
Agitation, confusion, mild limb or facial myoclonus |
4 |
Valproic acid, phenytoin |
Clinical resolution within 7 days |
Thabet et al. [3] |
79 |
F |
CRF--Cr: 5.2 mg/dL |
4 |
Confusion, mild limb or facial myoclonus |
10 |
Clonazepam phenytoin, valproic acid |
Clinical resolution within 2 days |
Thabet et al. [3] |
44 |
M |
CRF--BUN/Cr: 71/5.8 mg/dL |
2 |
Confusion, shoulder tremor, ankle clonus |
1 |
Lorazepam valproic acid |
Clinical resolution within hours |
Thabet et al. [3] |
15 |
F |
CRF--BUN: 75.6 mg/dL |
2 |
Myoclonic jerks in arms, ankle clonus, coma |
5 |
Midazolam |
Regained consciousness |
Kim et al. [4] |
77 |
F |
CRF--BUN/Cr: 27.1/1.9 mg/dL |
1 |
Aphasia, disorientation muscle cramp |
2 |
N/A |
Alternating cycles of systemic improvement and worsening |
Durand-Maugard et al. [5] |
84 |
|
CKD--CrCl: < 20 mL/min |
2 |
Myoclonus |
6 |
N/A |
Recovery after discontinuation |
Durand-Maugard et al. [5] |
77 |
|
CKD--CrCl: 15 mL/min |
3 |
Confusion, myoclonus |
2 |
Clonazepam |
Death from other causes |
Sonck et al. [6] |
74 |
M |
CKD--CrCl: 50 mL/min |
5 |
Coma, myoclonus |
7 |
N/A |
Death in 1 day |
Sonck et al. [6] |
71 |
M |
ESRD--CrCl: < 15 mL/min |
8.8 |
Coma, myoclonus |
4 |
N/A |
Death in 2 days |
Sonck et al. [6] |
82 |
F |
ESRD--CrCl: < 15 mL/min |
1.2 |
Aphasia, myoclonus, chorea-athetosis, convulsions |
4 |
N/A |
Death in 10 days |
Sonck et al. [6] |
84 |
M |
ESRD--CrCl: < 15 mL/min |
3.3 |
Aphasia, myoclonus |
3 |
N/A |
Death in 31 days |
Sonck et al. [6] |
70 |
F |
ESRD--CrCl: < 15 mL/min |
1 |
Myoclonus, coma |
5 |
N/A |
Death in 42 days |
Khasani[7] |
91 |
M |
BUN/Cr: 39/0.9 |
3 |
Myoclonus of jaw and arms |
7 |
N/A |
Recovery after discontinuation |
Khasani[7] |
86 |
M |
BUN/Cr: 40/0.6 |
2 |
Jaw and all limb myoclonus |
5 |
N/A |
Recovery after discontinuation |