Journal of Movement Disorders

Review Article

Emerging Concepts of Motor Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease: Seok Jong Chung, Jae Jung Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(3):171-184. Published online August 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20029

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The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) explains the differences between individuals in their susceptibility to AD-related pathologies. An enhanced CR may lead to less cognitive deficits despite severe pathological lesions. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is also a common neurodegenerative disease and is mainly characterized by motor dysfunction related to striatal dopaminergic depletion. The degree of motor deficits in PD is closely correlated to the degree of dopamine depletion; however, significant individual variations still exist. Therefore, we hypothesized that the presence of motor reserve (MR) in PD explains the individual differences in motor deficits despite similar levels of striatal dopamine depletion. Since 2015, we have performed a series of studies investigating MR in de novo patients with PD using the data of initial clinical presentation and dopamine transporter PET scan. In this review, we summarized the results of these published studies. In particular, some premorbid experiences (i.e., physical activity and education) and modifiable factors (i.e., body mass index and white matter hyperintensity on brain image studies) could modulate an individual’s capacity to tolerate PD pathology, which can be maintained throughout disease progression.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

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Human Brain Mapping.2023; 44(3): 901. CrossRef
The Concept of Motor Reserve in Parkinson's Disease: New Wine in Old Bottles?
Merle C. Hoenig, Verena Dzialas, Alexander Drzezga, Thilo van Eimeren
Movement Disorders.2023; 38(1): 16. CrossRef
Patterns of striatal dopamine depletion and motor deficits in de novo Parkinson’s disease
Seong Ho Jeong, Chan Wook Park, Hye Sun Lee, Yun Joong Kim, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Seok Jong Chung
Journal of Neural Transmission.2023; 130(1): 19. CrossRef
How long have you exercised in your life? The effect of motor reserve and current physical activity on cognitive performance
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Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society.2023; : 1. CrossRef
Sex Differences in Brain Structure in de novo Parkinson’s Disease: A Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Neuroimaging Study
Hui Li, Xuejia Jia, Min Chen, Xiuqin Jia, Qi Yang
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2023; 13(5): 785. CrossRef
Exploring the Complex Phenotypes of Impaired Finger Dexterity in Mild-to-moderate Stage Parkinson’s Disease: A Time-Series Analysis
Pattamon Panyakaew, Kotchakorn Duangjino, Apiwoot Kerddonfag, Teerit Ploensin, Krerk Piromsopa, Chanon Kongkamol, Roongroj Bhidayasiri
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2023; 13(6): 975. CrossRef
Prevention of Falls in Parkinson's Disease: Guidelines and Gaps
Richard Camicioli, Meg E. Morris, Frederico Pieruccini‐Faria, Manuel Montero‐Odasso, Surim Son, David Buzaglo, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, Alice Nieuwboer
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Premorbid Educational Attainment and Long-Term Motor Prognosis in Parkinson’s Disease
Seong Ho Jeong, Seok Jong Chung, Han Soo Yoo, Jin Ho Jung, Kyoungwon Baik, Yang Hyun Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2022; 12(1): 129. CrossRef
Parkinsonism and cerebrovascular disease
Manisha Narasimhan, Raymond Schwartz, Glenda Halliday
Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2022; 433: 120011. CrossRef
Impact of α‐synuclein spreading on the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway depends on the onset of the pathology
Fanfan Sun, Armando G. Salinas, Severin Filser, Sonja Blumenstock, Jose Medina‐Luque, Jochen Herms, Carmelo Sgobio
Brain Pathology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Yoon-Sang Oh, Sang-Won Yoo, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Kwang-Soo Lee, Joong-Seok Kim
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Behavioral Reserve in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia
Su Hong Kim, Yae Ji Kim, Byung Hwa Lee, Peter Lee, Ji Hyung Park, Sang Won Seo, Yong Jeong
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Identifying the white matter structural network of motor reserve in early Parkinson's disease
Yae Ji Kim, Chan Wook Park, Hye Won Shin, Hye Sun Lee, Yun Joong Kim, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Yong Jeong, Seok Jong Chung
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Comparison of disease progression between brain-predominant Parkinson's disease versus Parkinson's disease with body-involvement phenotypes
Dong-Woo Ryu, Sang-Won Yoo, Yoon-Sang Oh, Kwang-Soo Lee, Seunggyun Ha, Joong-Seok Kim
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Hossein J. Sadaei, Aldo Cordova-Palomera, Jonghun Lee, Jaya Padmanabhan, Shang-Fu Chen, Nathan E. Wineinger, Raquel Dias, Daria Prilutsky, Sandor Szalma, Ali Torkamani
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Potential Link Between Cognition and Motor Reserve in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease
Seok Jong Chung, Yae Ji Kim, Yun Joong Kim, Hye Sun Lee, Mijin Yun, Phil Hyu Lee, Yong Jeong, Young H. Sohn
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Local striatal volume and motor reserve in drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease
Seong Ho Jeong, Eun-Chong Lee, Seok Jong Chung, Hye Sun Lee, Jin Ho Jung, Young H. Sohn, Joon-Kyung Seong, Phil Hyu Lee
npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Differences in cause and 12-month follow-up outcome of parkinsonian symptoms in depressed older adults treated with antipsychotics: a case series
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Effectiveness and safety of moxibustion for Parkinson disease
Yonghui Hou, Baile Ning, Yamin Liu, Ying Liu, Wenbin Fu, Zehuai Wen
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Glucocerebrosidase Mutations and Motor Reserve in Parkinson’s Disease
Seok Jong Chung, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Yun Joong Kim
Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2021; 11(4): 1715. CrossRef
Analysis of pupillometer results according to disease stage in patients with Parkinson’s disease
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Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Clinical Features Indicating Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Degeneration in Drug-Induced Parkinsonism: Seung Ha Lee, Han Kyeol Kim, Young Gun Lee, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Sung Jun Ahn, Myung Sik Lee; J Mov Disord. 2017;10(1):35-39. Published online December 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16045

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
Patients with drug-induced parkinsonism (DIP) may have nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration. We studied the clinical features that may indicate nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in patients with DIP.
Methods
Forty-one DIP patients were classified into normal and abnormal [¹⁸F] FP-CIT scan groups. Differences in 32 clinical features and drug withdrawal effects were studied.
Results
Twenty-eight patients had normal (Group I) and 13 patients had abnormal (Group II) scans. Eight patients of Group I, but none of Group II, had taken calcium channel blockers (p = 0.040). Three patients of Group I and six of Group II had hyposmia (p = 0.018). After drug withdrawal, Group I showed greater improvement in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale total motor scores and subscores for bradykinesia and tremors than Group II. Only hyposmia was an independent factor associated with abnormal scans, but it had suboptimal sensitivity.
Conclusion
None of the clinical features were practical indicators of nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration in patients with DIP.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Retinal Thickness and Its Interocular Asymmetry Between Parkinson’s Disease and Drug-Induced Parkinsonism
Wool Suh, Sung Uk Baek, Jungsu S. Oh, Seung Yeon Seo, Jae Seung Kim, You Mie Han, Min Seung Kim, Suk Yun Kang
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Gait abnormalities and non-motor symptoms predict abnormal dopaminergic imaging in presumed drug-induced Parkinsonism
Whitley W. Aamodt, Jacob G. Dubroff, Gang Cheng, Betty Taylor, Stephanie Wood, John E. Duda, James F. Morley
npj Parkinson's Disease.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Acute dopamine receptor blockade in substantia nigra pars reticulata: a possible model for drug-induced Parkinsonism
Verónica Alejandra Cáceres-Chávez, Ricardo Hernández-Martínez, Jesús Pérez-Ortega, Marco Arieli Herrera-Valdez, Jose J. Aceves, Elvira Galarraga, José Bargas
Journal of Neurophysiology.2018; 120(6): 2922. CrossRef
Neuroimaging in Parkinson's disease: focus on substantia nigra and nigro-striatal projection
Daniela Frosini, Mirco Cosottini, Duccio Volterrani, Roberto Ceravolo
Current Opinion in Neurology.2017; 30(4): 416. CrossRef

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