Journal of Movement Disorders

Review Article

Movement Disorders Associated With Radiotherapy and Surgical Procedures: Bharath Kumar Surisetti, Shweta Prasad, Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(1):42-51. Published online January 12, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22092

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Occasionally, movement disorders can occur following interventional procedures including but not limited to radiotherapy, dental procedures, and cardiac, cerebral and spinal surgeries. The majority of these disorders tend to be unexpected sequelae with variable phenomenology and latency, and they can often be far more disabling than the primary disease for which the procedure was performed. Owing to poor knowledge and awareness of the problem, delays in diagnosing the condition are common, as are misdiagnoses as functional movement disorders. This narrative review discusses the phenomenology, pathophysiology, and potential treatments of various movement disorders caused by interventional procedures such as radiotherapy and neurological and non-neurological surgeries and procedures.

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Case Report

Myoclonus-Ataxia Syndrome Associated with COVID-19: Kuldeep Shetty, Atul Manchakrao Jadhav, Ranjith Jayanthakumar, Seema Jamwal, Tejaswini Shanubhogue, Mallepalli Prabhakar Reddy, Gopal Krishna Dash, Radhika Manohar, Vivek Jacob Philip, Vikram Huded; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(2):153-156. Published online April 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20106

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Neurological manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) have increasingly been reported since the onset of the pandemic. Herein, we report a relatively new presentation. A patient in the convalescence period following a febrile illness with lower respiratory tract infection (fever, myalgia, nonproductive cough) presented with generalized disabling myoclonus, which is phenotypically suggestive of brainstem origin, along with additional truncal cerebellar ataxia. His neurology work-ups, such as brain MRI, electroencephalography, serum autoimmune and paraneoplastic antibody testing, were normal. His CT chest scan revealed right lower lung infiltrates, and serological and other laboratory testing did not show evidence of active infection. COVID-19 titers turned out to be strongly positive, suggestive of post-COVID-19 lung sequelae. He responded partially to antimyoclonic drugs and fully to a course of steroids, suggesting a para- or postinfectious immune-mediated pathophysiology. Myoclonusataxia syndrome appears to be a neurological manifestation of COVID-19 infection, and knowledge regarding this phenomenon should be increased among clinicians for better patient care in a pandemic situation.

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Opsoclonus Myoclonus Ataxia Syndrome Due to SARS-CoV-2
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Myoclonus in patients with COVID‐19: Findings of autoantibodies against brain structures in cerebrospinal fluid
Isa Lindqvist, Janet L. Cunningham, Jan Mulder, Amalia Feresiadou, Elham Rostami, Johan Virhammar, Eva Kumlien
European Journal of Neurology.2023; 30(10): 3142. CrossRef
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Massimiliano Godani, Alessandro Beronio, Giuseppe Lanza
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Spectrum of de novo movement disorders in the setting of COVID-19 infection
Mitesh Chandarana, Heli Shah, Soaham Desai
Annals of Movement Disorders.2022; 5(1): 23. CrossRef
Anti-GAD associated post-infectious cerebellitis after COVID-19 infection
Ahmed Serkan Emekli, Asuman Parlak, Nejla Yılmaz Göcen, Murat Kürtüncü
Neurological Sciences.2021; 42(10): 3995. CrossRef

Review Article

Immune-Mediated Cerebellar Ataxias: Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Based on Immunological and Physiological Mechanisms: Hiroshi Mitoma, Mario Manto, Marios Hadjivassiliou; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(1):10-28. Published online January 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20040

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Abstract PDF

Since the first description of immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) by Charcot in 1868, several milestones have been reached in our understanding of this group of neurological disorders. IMCAs have diverse etiologies, such as gluten ataxia, postinfectious cerebellitis, paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration, opsoclonus myoclonus syndrome, anti-GAD ataxia, and primary autoimmune cerebellar ataxia. The cerebellum, a vulnerable autoimmune target of the nervous system, has remarkable capacities (collectively known as the cerebellar reserve, closely linked to plasticity) to compensate and restore function following various pathological insults. Therefore, good prognosis is expected when immune-mediated therapeutic interventions are delivered during early stages when the cerebellar reserve can be preserved. However, some types of IMCAs show poor responses to immunotherapies, even if such therapies are introduced at an early stage. Thus, further research is needed to enhance our understanding of the autoimmune mechanisms underlying IMCAs, as such research could potentially lead to the development of more effective immunotherapies. We underscore the need to pursue the identification of robust biomarkers.

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Case Reports

Involuntary Movements Following Administration of Hydroxychloroquine for COVID-19 Pneumonia: Emmaline Zantua Fernando, Jeryl Ritzi Tan Yu, Salvador Miclat Abad Santos, Roland Dominic Go Jamora; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(1):75-77. Published online December 7, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20091

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Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has been used as an investigational drug for patients with moderate to severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). There have been concerns of potential harms from side effects of the drug. We present a case of a 38-year-old male who was started on HCQ for COVID-19 pneumonia. He was referred for evaluation of myoclonus of all extremities, which resolved after discontinuation of HCQ. The involuntary movements were first reported after the initiation of HCQ, persisted despite improvement in inflammatory and radiologic parameters and eventually resolved after HCQ discontinuation. This supports a possible causality related to adverse drug reactions from HCQ that have not been commonly reported.

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Safety profile of COVID-19 drugs in a real clinical setting
Mei Nee Chiu, Maitry Bhardwaj, Sangeeta Pilkhwal Sah
European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology.2022; 78(5): 733. CrossRef
Eventos adversos no sistema nervoso central potencialmente relacionados aos medicamentos utilizados na COVID-19: revisão de escopo
Vinícius de Mello, Vinícius de Paula Pereira, João Paulo Vilela Rodrigues, Suelem Tavares da Silva Penteado, Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira, Fabiana Rossi Varallo
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Sialidosis Type I without a Cherry Red Spot— Is There a Genetic Basis?: Koti Neeraja, Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Shweta Prasad, Bharath Kumar Surisetti, Kempaiah Rakesh, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal; J Mov Disord. 2021;14(1):65-69. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20083

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Sialidosis is an inborn error of metabolism due to a defect in the NEU1 gene and manifests as two phenotypes: mild type I and severe type II. The cherry red spot (CRS) is a characteristic feature in both types of sialidosis; reports of sialidosis without a CRS are rare. We report two cases of genetically confirmed sialidosis type I with a typical presentation of progressive cortical myoclonus and ataxia but without the CRS. A previously reported homozygous pathogenic variant p.Arg294Cys was detected in the first case, and a novel homozygous pathogenic variant p.Arg305Pro was detected in the second case. Additionally, we reviewed the literature describing cases with similar mutations to find a genetic basis for the absence of a CRS. Milder mutation of both alleles detected in both patients may be the reason for the absence of a CRS.

Citations

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Sialidosis type 1 in a Turkish family: a case report and review of literatures
Mustafa Kılıç, Suzan İcil, Abdullah Sezer, Öznur Kaya-Güneş, Selim S. Comoğlu
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Unique clinical and electrophysiological features in the peripheral nerve system in patients with sialidosis – a case series study
Sung-Ju Hsueh, Chin-Hsien Lin, Ni-Chung Lee, Tung-Ming Chang, Sung-Pin Fan, Wan-De Huang, Yea-Huey Lin, Li-Kai Tsai, Yin-Hsiu Chien, Ming-Jen Lee, Wuh-Liang Hwu, Hsueh Wen Hsueh, Chih-Chao Yang
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Genotype-phenotype correlation and founder effect analysis in southeast Chinese patients with sialidosis type I
Yi-Chu Du, Ling-Han Ma, Quan-Fu Li, Yin Ma, Yi Dong, Zhi-Ying Wu
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Progressive myoclonic ataxia as an initial symptom of typical type I sialidosis with NEU1 mutation
Jingjing Lin, Yun‐Lu Li, Bo‐Li Chen, Hui‐Zhen Su, Yi‐Heng Zeng, Rui‐Huang Zeng, Yu‐Duo Zhang, Ru‐Kai Chen, Nai‐Qing Cai, Yi‐Kun Chen, Ru‐Ying Yuan, Jun‐Yi Jiang, Xiang‐Ping Yao, Ning Wang, Wan‐Jin Chen, Kang Yang
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Focal Unilateral Palatal Myoclonus Causing Objective Clicking Tinnitus without Uvula Elevation Diagnosed by Concurrent Auscultation: Chindhuri Selvadurai, Sara Maguire Schaefer; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(3):223-224. Published online July 14, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20010

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Palatal myoclonus generally entails a visible elevation of the palate and uvula and may be accompanied by myoclonus of other oropharyngeal muscles. A 55-year-old man presented with left ear clicking and hyperacusis. Examination showed arrhythmic left lateral soft palate contraction in the tensor veli palatini region without elevation of the uvula, which correlated with an audible click by auscultation with a stethoscope over the left ear. This is a rare case of focal, unilateral palatal myoclonus without visual uvula elevation with concurrent auscultation, demonstrating the importance of careful examination to detect focal myoclonic contractions.

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Palatal Tic Disorder Causing Objective Clicking Tinnitus in an 8 Years Old
N. Manoj Kumar, Rajiv Ranganath Sanji, Srirangaprasad Krishnaswamy
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Review Article

Principles of Electrophysiological Assessments for Movement Disorders: Kai-Hsiang Stanley Chen, Robert Chen; J Mov Disord. 2020;13(1):27-38. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19064

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Electrophysiological studies can provide objective and quantifiable assessments of movement disorders. They are useful in the diagnosis of hyperkinetic movement disorders, particularly tremors and myoclonus. The most commonly used measures are surface electromyography (sEMG), electroencephalography (EEG) and accelerometry. Frequency and coherence analyses of sEMG signals may reveal the nature of tremors and the source of the tremors. The effects of voluntary tapping, ballistic movements and weighting of the limbs can help to distinguish between organic and functional tremors. The presence of Bereitschafts-potentials and beta-band desynchronization recorded by EEG before movement onset provide strong evidence for functional movement disorders. EMG burst durations, distributions and muscle recruitment orders may identify and classify myoclonus to cortical, subcortical or spinal origins and help in the diagnosis of functional myoclonus. Organic and functional cervical dystonia can potentially be distinguished by EMG power spectral analysis. Several reflex circuits, such as the long latency reflex, blink reflex and startle reflex, can be elicited with different types of external stimuli and are useful in the assessment of myoclonus, excessive startle and stiff person syndrome. However, limitations of the tests should be recognized, and the results should be interpreted together with clinical observations.

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Carolina Gorodetsky, Paula Azevedo, Alfonso Fasano
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Myoclonus and other jerky movement disorders
Sterre van der Veen, John N. Caviness, Yasmine E.M. Dreissen, Christos Ganos, Abubaker Ibrahim, Johannes H.T.M. Koelman, Ambra Stefani, Marina A.J. Tijssen
Clinical Neurophysiology Practice.2022; 7: 285. CrossRef
Posthypoxic Segmental Spinal “Flutter”-Like Myoclonus
Boby V Maramattom
Neurology India.2022; 70(5): 2202. CrossRef
Contemporary clinical neurophysiology applications in dystonia
Petr Kaňovský, Raymond Rosales, Pavel Otruba, Martin Nevrlý, Lenka Hvizdošová, Robert Opavský, Michaela Kaiserová, Pavel Hok, Kateřina Menšíková, Petr Hluštík, Martin Bareš
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Suggestibility as a valuable criterion for laboratory-supported definite functional movement disorders
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Peribuccal and pharyngeal myorhythmia as a presenting symptom of hypertrophic olivary degeneration: Expert commentary
Robert Chen
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Nano‐dielectrics in biosystems
Jingjing Xu, Fan Wang, Yihan Song, Song Ge, Shengyong Xu
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Jaw Pain and Oromandibular Dysfunction After a Complex Hospital Course
Sarah Smith, Ny-Ying Lam
American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2021; 100(5): e62. CrossRef
Factors Influencing the Surgical Decision in Dystonia Patients Referred for Deep Brain Stimulation
Carolina Gorodetsky, Paula Azevedo, Carolina Candeias da Silva, Alfonso Fasano
Toxins.2021; 13(8): 511. CrossRef
Tremor Syndromes: An Updated Review
Abhishek Lenka, Joseph Jankovic
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S. van der Veen, M.R. Klamer, J.W.J. Elting, J.H.T.M. Koelman, A.M.M. van der Stouwe, M.A.J. Tijssen
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2021; 89: 176. CrossRef
Wearable monitoring of positive and negative myoclonus in progressive myoclonic epilepsy type 1
Saara M. Rissanen, Jelena Hyppönen, Katri Silvennoinen, Laura Säisänen, Pasi A. Karjalainen, Esa Mervaala, Reetta Kälviäinen
Clinical Neurophysiology.2021; 132(10): 2464. CrossRef
Evaluation of movement and brain activity
Mark Hallett, Lourdes M. DelRosso, Rodger Elble, Raffaele Ferri, Fay B. Horak, Stephan Lehericy, Martina Mancini, Masao Matsuhashi, Riki Matsumoto, Muthuraman Muthuraman, Jan Raethjen, Hiroshi Shibasaki
Clinical Neurophysiology.2021; 132(10): 2608. CrossRef
Clinical and Psychological Aspects of Myoclonus in Different age Periods
Т.А. Литовченко, О.Ю. Сухоносова
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FEATURES OF EPILEPTIC MYOCLONIC SEIZURES IN PATIENTS AT DIFFERENT AGE PERIODS
T. A. Litovchenko, O. Yu. Sukhonosova, A. I. Ekzarkhova, S. M. Korenev, V. V. Salnikova, V. B. Olenich
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Alexis F. Collins, Steven T.R. Brown, Mark R. Baker
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Case Reports

Spinal Myoclonus Responding to Continuous Intrathecal Morphine Pump: Jung-Eun Ahn, Dallah Yoo, Ki-Young Jung, Jong-Min Kim, Beomseok Jeon, Myung Chong Lee; J Mov Disord. 2017;10(3):158-160. Published online September 12, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17023

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Abstract PDF

Spinal myoclonus is a sudden, brief, and involuntary movement of segmental or propriospinal muscle groups. Spinal myoclonus has occasionally been reported in patients undergoing opioid therapy, but the pathophysiology of opioid-induced myoclonus has not been elucidated yet. Here, we present two patients with spinal segmental myoclonus secondary to ischemic and radiation myelopathy. Conventional medications did not help treat persistent myoclonus in both legs. Continuous intrathecal morphine infusion was implanted for pain control in one patient, which relieved spinal myoclonus entirely. This experience led to the application of this method with a second patient, leading to the same gratifying result. Spinal myoclonus reemerged as soon as the morphine pumps were off, which confirmed the therapeutic role of opioids. In contrast to the opioid-induced myoclonus, these cases show a benefit of opioids on spinal myoclonus, which could be explained by synaptic reorganization after pathologic insults in the spinal cord.

Citations

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Spinal segmental myoclonus following spinal surgery
Shrikant Pande, Kokcher Ang, May Win Myat, Shermyn Neo, Sivashankar Subramaniam
British Journal of Neurosurgery.2023; 37(3): 393. CrossRef
Movement Disorders Associated With Radiotherapy and Surgical Procedures
Bharath Kumar Surisetti, Shweta Prasad, Vikram Venkappayya Holla, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal
Journal of Movement Disorders.2023; 16(1): 42. CrossRef
Myoclonus: An Electrophysiological Diagnosis
Shabbir Hussain I. Merchant, Felipe Vial‐Undurraga, Giorgio Leodori, Jay A. van Gerpen, Mark Hallett
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2020; 7(5): 489. CrossRef

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Thailand: A Case Series and Review of the Literature: Praween Lolekha, Ahmed Rasheed, Chutanat Yotsarawat; J Mov Disord. 2015;8(3):136-140. Published online September 10, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.15014

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Abstract PDF

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease (CJD) is an incurable and inevitably fatal neurodegenerative disorder. Although CJD has a worldwide distribution, there are no official statistics on CJD in Thailand. A diagnosis of CJD is suspected when a patient develops rapidly progressive dementia with myoclonus. However, CJD may be mistaken for a variety of illnesses because its initial presentation frequently consists of non-specific symptoms. Here, we examined cases of sporadic CJD (sCJD) from Thammasat University Hospital (a tertiary care hospital in Thailand) between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2014. Three cases of probable and possible sCJD were collected. All cases presented with rapidly progressive cognitive dysfunction accompanied by spontaneous myoclonus. Classical electroencehalography changes and typical abnormal MRI features were observed. All of the cases died within a period of 8 months. None of the patients underwent brain biopsy. Our findings raise questions about the prevalence of CJD in Thailand, which needs further study.

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Sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease: Brain MRI lesion features from 2 cases reports
Hoang Dinh Au, Nguyen Thu Lan, Nguyen Thai Binh, Le Tuan Linh, Ma Mai Hien, Nguyen Minh Duc
Radiology Case Reports.2024; 19(3): 939. CrossRef
A systemic analysis of Creutzfeldt Jakob disease cases in Asia
Urwah Rasheed, Sana Khan, Minahil Khalid, Aneeqa Noor, Saima Zafar
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Updated global epidemiology atlas of human prion diseases
Li-Ping Gao, Ting-Ting Tian, Kang Xiao, Cao Chen, Wei Zhou, Dong-Lin Liang, Run-Dong Cao, Qi Shi, Xiao-Ping Dong
Frontiers in Public Health.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Characteristics of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand: Case series and literature review
Chaisak Dumrikarnlert, Nuttapong Kanokkawinwong, Chatchawan Rattanabannakit, Vorapun Senanarong
Clinical Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; 11: 100281. CrossRef
The importance of ongoing international surveillance for Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease
Neil Watson, Jean-Philippe Brandel, Alison Green, Peter Hermann, Anna Ladogana, Terri Lindsay, Janet Mackenzie, Maurizio Pocchiari, Colin Smith, Inga Zerr, Suvankar Pal
Nature Reviews Neurology.2021; 17(6): 362. CrossRef
Case series of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in a third-level hospital in Quito
Germaine Eleanor Torres Herrán, Andrés Damián Ortega Herrera, Braulio Martinez Burbano, Marcos Serrano-Dueñas, María Angélica Ortiz Yepez, Raúl Alberto Barrera Madera, Luis Alfredo Masabanda Campaña, Guillermo David Baño Jiménez, Denny Maritza Santos Salt
BMC Neurology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
An Evaluation of Rapidly Progressive Dementia Culminating in a Diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease
Parmvir Parmar, Curtis L. Cooper, Daniel Kobewka
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases.2018; 2018: 1. CrossRef
Diffusion-weighted MRI abnormalities antedate the onset of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Keisuke Suzuki, Akiko Kawasaki, Takahide Nagashima, Koichi Hirata
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Suppression of Myoclonus in Corticobasal Degeneration by Levetiracetam: Jae Wook Cho, Jae Hyeok Lee; J Mov Disord. 2014;7(1):28-30. Published online April 30, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.14007

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Abstract PDF

Myoclonus in corticobasal degeneration (CBD) has often been associated with severe and difficult to treat disabilities. Levetiracetam is a new antiepileptic agent with antimyoclonic effects. Herein, we present a 72-year-old woman with clinically probable CBD and with spontaneous rhythmic myoclonus in the right foot, which was markedly ameliorated through treatment with levetiracetam. The effect of levetiracetam was associated with the decreased amplitude of enlarged cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. This result suggests that the antimyoclonic effect of levetiracetam might be mediated through the suppression of increased cortical excitability.

Citations

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Management Strategies for Atypical Parkinsonism
Vasilios C. Constantinides, Nikolaos Giagkou, Maria-Evgenia Brinia, Christos Koros, Leonidas Stefanis, Maria Stamelou
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Chinese nutraceuticals and physical activity; their role in neurodegenerative tauopathies
Abdullahi Alausa, Sunday Ogundepo, Barakat Olaleke, Rofiat Adeyemi, Mercy Olatinwo, Aminat Ismail
Chinese Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Four-Repeat Tauopathies: Current Management and Future Treatments
Lawren VandeVrede, Peter A. Ljubenkov, Julio C. Rojas, Ariane E. Welch, Adam L. Boxer
Neurotherapeutics.2020; 17(4): 1563. CrossRef
Physiology-Based Treatment of Myoclonus
Ashley B. Pena, John N. Caviness
Neurotherapeutics.2020; 17(4): 1665. CrossRef
Pharmacological interventions in corticobasal degeneration: a review
Leonardo Caixeta, Victor de Melo Caixeta, Yanley Lucio Nogueira, Tales Alexandre Aversi-Ferreira
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Available and future treatments for atypical parkinsonism. A systematic review
Davide Vito Moretti
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An Update on Myoclonus Management
Christine M. Stahl, Steven J. Frucht
Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics.2019; 19(4): 325. CrossRef
Corticobasal degeneration: key emerging issues
F. Ali, K. A. Josephs
Journal of Neurology.2018; 265(2): 439. CrossRef
Focal Predominant Forms of Posthypoxic Action Myoclonus
Carmen Gasca‐Salas, Anthony E. Lang
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2016; 3(4): 417. CrossRef
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Degeneration: Pathophysiology and Treatment Options
Ruth Lamb, Jonathan D. Rohrer, Andrew J. Lees, Huw R. Morris
Current Treatment Options in Neurology.2016;[Epub] CrossRef
An Update and Review of the Treatment of Myoclonus
Kelly Mills, Zoltan Mari
Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports.2015;[Epub] CrossRef

Unilateral Negative Myoclonus Caused by Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis: Jin-Mo Park, Jin-Sung Park, Yong-Won Kim, Ho-Won Lee, Da-In Lee, Sung-Pa Park, Hyun Seok Song; J Mov Disord. 2011;4(1):49-52.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.11009

27,053 View
59 Download
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Abstract PDF

Various neurologic manifestations of herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis have been reported on the literatures. Chorea, ballism, choreoathetosis and myoclonus were reported as movement disorders which might be related with brain lesion by HSV encephalitis, but negative myoclonus (NM) has never been reported before. NM can be characterized as a shock-like involuntary jerky movement caused by a sudden, brief interruption of muscle activity. We experienced a case of HSV encephalitis with NM in unilateral arm and leg. In polygraphic monitoring, electroencephalography (EMG) silent periods are 50–250 ms in duration with no detectable EMG correlate.

Citations

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Epileptic negative myoclonus in herpes simplex virus encephalitis
Neel Fotedar, James Dolbow, Madhura Layfield, Suraj Thyagaraj, Jonathan Zande
Epileptic Disorders.2022; 24(2): 417. CrossRef
Myoclonus associated with infections
Apara Kothiala, Vijay Shankar, Soaham Desai
Annals of Movement Disorders.2022; 5(3): 137. CrossRef
Myoclonus in the critically ill: Diagnosis, management, and clinical impact
Raoul Sutter, Anette Ristic, Stephan Rüegg, Peter Fuhr
Clinical Neurophysiology.2016; 127(1): 67. CrossRef
Chorée aiguë après encéphalite herpétique : réplication virale ou mécanisme immunologique ?
H. Benrhouma, A. Nasri, I. Kraoua, H. Klaa, I. Turki, N. Gouider-Khouja
Archives de Pédiatrie.2015; 22(9): 961. CrossRef

Original Article

Four Cases with Peripheral Trauma Induced Involuntary Movements: Eun Joo Chung, Sang Jin Kim, Won Yong Lee, Jong Seok Bae, Eung Gyu Kim, Sung Hwa Pang; J Mov Disord. 2010;3(2):39-41.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.10010

10,054 View
63 Download
3 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Background and Purpose

Although peripheral trauma induced movement disorders have been rarely reported, diagnostic criteria for peripherally induced movement disorders (PIMD) have been established. Because preexisting subclinical movement disorders, or secondary gain for compensation and legal purposes are difficult to confirm, differential diagnosis for physicians still remains difficult.

Case Reports

We present four patients developed movement disorders after relatively various intervals after traffic accident. Three patients of them showed tremor and one patient presented propriospinal myoclonus. In this report, we investigate whether peripheral trauma can lead to movement disorders and describe the relationship between peripheral injury and movement disorders in four cases.

Conclusions

Injury was serious enough to develop involuntary abnormal movements with pain and the latency between injury and the onset of movements in all of cases was less than 1 year. Thus, our cases showed temporal and anatomical correlation between injury and the onset of movement disorder, strongly supporting the cause-and-effect relationship by previous diagnostic criteria for peripherally induced movement disorders.

Citations

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Diagnostic Utility of Clinical Neurophysiology in Jerky Movement Disorders: A Review from the MDS Clinical Neurophysiology Study Group
Anna Latorre, Christos Ganos, Masashi Hamada, Nicolas Phielipp, Lorenzo Rocchi, Shabbir Merchant, Marina A. Tijssen, Sterre van der Veen, Robert Chen
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Early onset of propriospinal-like myoclonus in a child following a vertebral fracture
Carlotta Facini, Marina Barsacchi, Benedetta Piccolo, Emanuela Claudia Turco, Francesco Pisani
Neurology.2016; 87(9): 956. CrossRef
Propriospinal myoclonus: The spectrum of clinical and neurophysiological phenotypes
E. Antelmi, F. Provini
Sleep Medicine Reviews.2014;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Report

Adult Onset Familial Cherry-Red Spot Myoclonus: Chi Kyung Kim, Beom S. Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):50-52.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09014

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58 Download

Abstract PDF: We report a case of a 36-year-old woman with progressive generalized myoclonus that first became apparent 9 years ago. Her younger brother had similar problems. Examination of her eyes revealed cherry-red spots. Hexosaminidase A, β-galactosidase and neuraminidase activity were normal. Although the laboratory findings were negative, cherry-red spots, progressive myoclonus and autosomal recessive inheritance pattern suggested that she had an unknown type of lysosomal storage disease.

Review Article

Electrophysiologic Assessments of Involuntary Movements: Tremor and Myoclonus: Hyun-Dong Park, Hee-Tae Kim; J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):14-17.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09004

15,782 View
245 Download
5 Crossref

Abstract PDF

Tremor is defined as a rhythmical, involuntary oscillatory movement of a body part. Although neurological examination reveals information regarding its frequency, regularity, amplitude, and activation conditions, the electrophysiological investigations help in confirming the tremor, in differentiating it from other hyperkinetic disorders like myoclonus, and may provide etiological clues. Accelerometer with surface electromyogram (EMG) can be used to document the dominant frequency of a tremor, which may be useful as certain frequencies are more characteristic of specific etiologies than others hyperkinetic disorders. It may show rhythmic bursts, duration and activation pattern (alternating or synchronous). Myoclonus is a quick, involuntary movement. Electrophysiological studies may helpful in the evaluation of myoclonus, not only for confirming the clinical diagnosis but also for understanding the underlying physiological mechanisms. Electroencephalogram (EEG)-EMG correlates can give us important information about myoclonus. Jerk-locked back-averaging and evoked potentials with recording of the long-latency, long-loop reflexes are currently available to study the pathophysiology of myoclonus.

Citations

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DBS in tremor with dystonia: VIM, GPi or both? A review of the literature and considerations from a single-center experience
Davide Paoli, Russell Mills, Una Brechany, Nicola Pavese, Claire Nicholson
Journal of Neurology.2023; 270(4): 2217. CrossRef
Posthypoxic Segmental Spinal “Flutter”-Like Myoclonus
Boby V Maramattom
Neurology India.2022; 70(5): 2202. CrossRef
The diagnostic value of clinical neurophysiology in hyperkinetic movement disorders: A systematic review
S. van der Veen, M.R. Klamer, J.W.J. Elting, J.H.T.M. Koelman, A.M.M. van der Stouwe, M.A.J. Tijssen
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2021; 89: 176. CrossRef
How can neurophysiological studies help with movement disorders characterization in clinical practice? A review
Talyta GRIPPE, Natalia Spinola Costa da CUNHA, Pedro Renato de Paula BRANDÃO, Rubens Nelson Morato FERNANDEZ, Francisco Eduardo Costa CARDOSO
Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria.2020; 78(8): 512. CrossRef
Epileptic and non-epileptic paroxysmal motor phenomena in newborns
Carlotta Facini, Carlotta Spagnoli, Francesco Pisani
The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine.2016; 29(22): 3652. CrossRef

Case Report

Involuntary Scapular Movements as a Possible Manifestation of Radicular Myoclonus: Bosuk Park, Sook Keun Song, Phil Hyu Lee; J Mov Disord. 2008;1(2):104-106.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.08021

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Abstract PDF: Radicular myoclonus (RM) is a kind of peripheral myoclonus exclusively related with traumatic spinal root lesion. Here we describe a case with involuntary scapular movements as a possible manifestation of RM. A 37-year-old woman without any underlying disease developedinvoluntary movements of left shoulder two days after cervical trauma. On needle electromyographic recordings, the myoclonic jerky movements were found in left serratus anterior and rhomboid major muscles, and the duration of bursts ranged from 100 to 300 ms with the irregular frequency of 1–2 Hz. Electromyography studies showed accompanying left C5 radiculopathy. Treatment with clonazepm markedly improved involuntary scapular movements.

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