Functional movement disorder (FMD) is a type of functional neurological disorder that is common but often difficult to diagnose or manage. FMD can present as various phenotypes, including tremor, dystonia, myoclonus, gait disorders, and parkinsonism. Conducting a clinical examination appropriate for assessing a patient with suspected FMD is important, and various diagnostic testing maneuvers may also be helpful. Treatment involving a multidisciplinary team, either outpatient or inpatient, has been found to be most effective. Examples of such treatment protocols are also discussed in this review. While recognition and understanding of the disorder has improved over the past few decades, as well as the development of treatments, it is not uncommon for patients and physicians to continue to experience various difficulties when dealing with this disorder. In this review, I provide a practical overview of FMD and discuss how the clinical encounter itself can play a role in patients’ acceptance of the diagnosis. Recent neuroimaging studies that aid in understanding the pathophysiology are also discussed.
Objective Since the release of vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), there have been reports of vaccine-related neurologic complications. This study aimed to perform a descriptive systematic review of movement disorders associated with COVID-19 vaccines.
Methods We described the demographics, clinical presentation, management, outcomes, and proposed pathomechanism of the patients. A systematic review was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A standardized tool was used to assess the quality of the cases.
Results We identified 8 articles that met our inclusion criteria; these articles included 10 patients who developed movement disorders after vaccination. The majority were males (n = 8), with a median age of 64.5 years. The most common movement disorder was hemichorea. The rest presented with generalized chorea with myoclonus, cervical dystonia, and akathisia. Most patients respond to immunotherapy. The standardized tool used showed that most studies had a low risk of bias.
Conclusion The reported incidence of vaccine-related movement disorders was low based on available published cases.
Clinical case studies and reporting are important to the discovery of new disorders and the advancement of medical sciences. Both clinicians and basic scientists play equally important roles leading to treatment discoveries for both cures and symptoms. In the field of movement disorders, exceptional observation of patients from clinicians is imperative, not just for phenomenology but also for the variable occurrences of these disorders, along with other signs and symptoms, throughout the day and the disease course. The Movement Disorders in Asia Task Force (TF) was formed to help enhance and promote collaboration and research on movement disorders within the region. As a start, the TF has reviewed the original studies of the movement disorders that were preliminarily described in the region. These include nine disorders that were first described in Asia: Segawa disease, PARK-Parkin, X-linked dystonia-parkinsonism, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy, Woodhouse-Sakati syndrome, benign adult familial myoclonic epilepsy, Kufor-Rakeb disease, tremulous dystonia associated with mutation of the calmodulin-binding transcription activator 2 gene, and paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia. We hope that the information provided will honor the original researchers and help us learn and understand how earlier neurologists and basic scientists together discovered new disorders and made advances in the field, which impact us all to this day.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Genetic heterogeneity of early onset Parkinson disease: The dilemma of clinico-genetic correlation Roopa Rajan, Vikram V. Holla, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; : 107146. CrossRef
Nongenetic movement disorders are common throughout the world. The movement disorders encountered may vary depending on the prevalence of certain disorders across various geographical regions. In this paper, we review historical and more common nongenetic movement disorders in Asia. The underlying causes of these movement disorders are diverse and include, among others, nutritional deficiencies, toxic and metabolic causes, and cultural Latah syndrome, contributed by geographical, economic, and cultural differences across Asia. The industrial revolution in Japan and Korea has led to diseases related to environmental toxin poisoning, such as Minamata disease and β-fluoroethyl acetate-associated cerebellar degeneration, respectively, while religious dietary restriction in the Indian subcontinent has led to infantile tremor syndrome related to vitamin B12 deficiency. In this review, we identify the salient features and key contributing factors in the development of these disorders.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Diabetic striatopathy and other acute onset de novo movement disorders in hyperglycemia Subhankar Chatterjee, Ritwik Ghosh, Payel Biswas, Shambaditya Das, Samya Sengupta, Souvik Dubey, Biman Kanti Ray, Alak Pandit, Julián Benito-León, Rana Bhattacharjee Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews.2024; 18(3): 102997. CrossRef
Tremors in Infantile Tremor Syndrome Mimicking Epilepsia Partialis Continua Tonyot Gailson, Pradeep Kumar Gunasekaran, Arushi Gahlot Saini, Chaithanya Reddy Journal of Movement Disorders.2024; 17(3): 351. CrossRef
Genetic leukoencephalopathies (GLEs) are a group of white matter abnormalities with heterogeneous radiological and phenotypic features. Although these conditions have mostly been described in children, adult-onset cases are increasingly recognized owing to the widespread use of neuroimaging and advances in molecular genetic testing. The disease course is often progressive with a varied spectrum of presentations, trapping neurologists in the dilemma of differential diagnosis. Movement disorders are among the most common symptoms, and their diversity makes diagnosis challenging. In this review, we focus on adult-onset GLEs with movement disorders and offer a step-by-step diagnostic approach by clarifying the phenomenology of movement, advising investigations for acquired causes, describing the clinical and radiological clues to each disease, emphasizing the limitations of advanced molecular testing, and discussing the future application of artificial intelligence. We provide a list summarizing the leukoencephalopathies associated with different categories of movement disorders. In addition to guiding clinicians on how to narrow the list of differential diagnoses with the tools currently available, another aim of this review is to emphasize the inevitable trend toward applying advanced technology in diagnosing these difficult diseases.
Treatable ataxias are a group of ataxic disorders with specific treatments. These disorders include genetic and metabolic disorders, immune-mediated ataxic disorders, and ataxic disorders associated with infectious and parainfectious etiology, vascular causes, toxins and chemicals, and endocrinopathies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of different treatable ataxias. The major metabolic and genetic treatable ataxic disorders include ataxia with vitamin E deficiency, abetalipoproteinemia, cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis, Niemann-Pick disease type C, autosomal recessive cerebellar ataxia due to coenzyme Q10 deficiency, glucose transporter type 1 deficiency, and episodic ataxia type 2. The treatment of these disorders includes the replacement of deficient cofactors and vitamins, dietary modifications, and other specific treatments. Treatable ataxias with immune-mediated etiologies include gluten ataxia, anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody-associated ataxia, steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis, Miller-Fisher syndrome, multiple sclerosis, and paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration. Although dietary modification with a gluten-free diet is adequate in gluten ataxia, other autoimmune ataxias are managed by short-course steroids, plasma exchange, or immunomodulation. For autoimmune ataxias secondary to malignancy, treatment of tumor can reduce ataxic symptoms. Chronic alcohol consumption, antiepileptics, anticancer drugs, exposure to insecticides, heavy metals, and recreational drugs are potentially avoidable and treatable causes of ataxia. Infective and parainfectious causes of cerebellar ataxias include acute cerebellitis, postinfectious ataxia, Whipple’s disease, meningoencephalitis, and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. These disorders are treated with steroids and antibiotics. Recognizing treatable disorders is of paramount importance when dealing with ataxias given that early treatment can prevent permanent neurological sequelae.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Genetic Testing of Movements Disorders: A Review of Clinical Utility Dennis Yeow, Laura I. Rudaks, Sue-Faye Siow, Ryan L. Davis, Kishore R. Kumar Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetically Proven Ataxia With Vitamin E Deficiency With Predominant Cervicobrachial Dystonic Presentation: A Case Report From India Vikram V. Holla, Sandeep Gurram, Sneha D. Kamath, Gautham Arunachal, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Pramod Kumar Pal Journal of Movement Disorders.2024; 17(2): 220. CrossRef
Rehabilitation in Ataxia Anupam Gupta, Navin B. Prakash, Hafis Rahman Indian Journal of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.2023; 33(1): 21. CrossRef
Movement disorders are common manifestations in autoimmune-mediated encephalitis. This group of diseases is suspected to be triggered by infection or neoplasm. Certain phenotypes correlate with specific autoantibody-related neurological disorders, such as orofacial-lingual dyskinesia with N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor encephalitis and faciobrachial dystonic seizures with leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 encephalitis. Early diagnosis and treatment, especially for autoantibodies targeting neuronal surface antigens, can improve prognosis. In contrast, the presence of autoantibodies against intracellular neuronal agents warrants screening for underlying malignancy. However, early clinical diagnosis is challenging because these diseases can be misdiagnosed. In this article, we review the distinctive clinical phenotypes, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and current treatment options for autoimmune-mediated encephalitis.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
A case of corticobasal syndrome possibly associated with anti-Yo antibodies Efthalia Angelopoulou, Vasilios C. Constantinides, Evangelos Koumasopoulos, Evangelia Stanitsa, Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis, Andreas Kyrozis, Elisabeth Kapaki, Leonidas Stefanis, Sokratis G. Papageorgiou Current Medical Research and Opinion.2024; 40(10): 1737. CrossRef
Huntington’s disease (HD) has become a target of the first clinical trials for gene therapy among movement disorders with a genetic origin. More than 100 clinical trials regarding HD have been tried, but all failed, although there were some improvements limited to symptomatic support. Compared to other neurogenetic disorders, HD is known to have a single genetic target. Thus, this is an advantage and its cure is more feasible than any other movement disorder with heterogeneous genetic causes. In this review paper, the authors attempt to cover the characteristics of HD itself while providing an overview of the gene transfer methods currently being researched, and will introduce an experimental trial with a preclinical model of HD followed by an update on the ongoing clinical trials for patients with HD.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Bioinspired Approaches for Central Nervous System Targeted Gene Delivery Jyotish Kumar, Afroz Karim, Ummy Habiba Sweety, Hemen Sarma, Md Nurunnabi, Mahesh Narayan ACS Applied Bio Materials.2024; 7(8): 4975. CrossRef
The Huntington's Disease Gene Discovery Gustavo L. Franklin, Hélio A.G. Teive, Fernando Spina Tensini, Carlos Henrique Ferreira Camargo, Nayra de Souza Carvalho de Lima, Diego de Castro de dos Santos, Alex T. Meira, Sarah J. Tabrizi Movement Disorders.2024; 39(2): 227. CrossRef
Optimizing Screening for Intrastriatal Interventions in Huntington's Disease Using Predictive Models Matthew J. Barrett, Ahmed Negida, Nitai Mukhopadhyay, Jin K. Kim, Huma Nawaz, Jefin Jose, Claudia Testa Movement Disorders.2024; 39(5): 855. CrossRef
Exosomes for neurodegenerative diseases: diagnosis and targeted therapy Hui Tao, Bo Gao Journal of Neurology.2024; 271(6): 3050. CrossRef
Emerging Perspectives on Prime Editor Delivery to the Brain Eli BenDavid, Sina Ramezanian, Yaoyao Lu, Joël Rousseau, Avi Schroeder, Marc Lavertu, Jacques P. Tremblay Pharmaceuticals.2024; 17(6): 763. CrossRef
Exploring molecular mechanisms, therapeutic strategies, and clinical manifestations of Huntington’s disease Alaa Shafie, Amal Adnan Ashour, Saleha Anwar, Farah Anjum, Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan Archives of Pharmacal Research.2024; 47(6): 571. CrossRef
A comprehensive review of AAV-mediated strategies targeting microglia for therapeutic intervention of neurodegenerative diseases Livia Zhou, Yafeng Wang, Yiran Xu, Yaodong Zhang, Changlian Zhu Journal of Neuroinflammation.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Efficacy and Safety of Tetrabenazine in Reducing Chorea and Improving Motor Function in Individuals With Huntington's Disease: A Systematic Review Nandini Vadlamani, Sabina Ibrahimli, Farees Ahmad Khan, Jason A Castillo, Kavya Sai Satya Amaravadi, Poornachandra Nalisetty, Safeera Khan Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Positron Emission Tomography Quantitative Assessment of Off-Target Whole-Body Biodistribution of I-124-Labeled Adeno-Associated Virus Capsids Administered to Cerebral Spinal Fluid Jonathan B. Rosenberg, Edward K. Fung, Jonathan P. Dyke, Bishnu P. De, Howard Lou, James M. Kelly, Layla Reejhsinghani, Rodolfo J. Ricart Arbona, Dolan Sondhi, Stephen M. Kaminsky, Nathalie Cartier, Christian Hinderer, Juliette Hordeaux, James M. Wilson, Human Gene Therapy.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
CRISPR: a tool with potential for genomic reprogramming in neurological disorders Yogesh K. Dhuriya, Aijaz A. Naik Molecular Biology Reports.2023; 50(2): 1845. CrossRef
Gene therapy for selected neuromuscular and trinucleotide repeat disorders – An insight to subsume South Asia for multicenter clinical trials Nalaka Wijekoon, Lakmal Gonawala, Pyara Ratnayake, Darshana Sirisena, Harsha Gunasekara, Athula Dissanayake, Sunethra Senanayake, Ajantha Keshavaraj, Yetrib Hathout, Harry W.M. Steinbusch, Chandra Mohan, Ashwin Dalal, Eric Hoffman, K.Ranil D de Silva IBRO Neuroscience Reports.2023; 14: 146. CrossRef
Huntington’s Disease Drug Development: A Phase 3 Pipeline Analysis Hannah J. Van de Roovaart, Nguyen Nguyen, Timothy D. Veenstra Pharmaceuticals.2023; 16(11): 1513. CrossRef
Mitochondrial organization and structure are compromised in fibroblasts from patients with Huntington’s disease Marie Vanisova, Hana Stufkova, Michaela Kohoutova, Tereza Rakosnikova, Jana Krizova, Jiri Klempir, Irena Rysankova, Jan Roth, Jiri Zeman, Hana Hansikova Ultrastructural Pathology.2022; 46(5): 462. CrossRef
Pathogenesis of Huntington’s Disease: An Emphasis on Molecular Pathways and Prevention by Natural Remedies Zainab Irfan, Sofia Khanam, Varnita Karmakar, Sayeed Mohammed Firdous, Bothaina Samih Ismail Abou El Khier, Ilyas Khan, Muneeb U. Rehman, Andleeb Khan Brain Sciences.2022; 12(10): 1389. CrossRef
Objective Joubert syndrome (JS) is a rare syndrome characterized by ataxia and the molar tooth sign (MTS) on imaging. The present study aims to explore the clinical and radiological features in a cohort of patients with JS.
Methods This was a retrospective chart review of patients with JS evaluated by movement disorder specialists.
Results Nine patients were included in the study. All patients had facial dysmorphism and ocular abnormalities, and 4 patients had dystonia. Ocular tilt reaction and alternate skew deviation (66%) were the most common ocular abnormalities. Horizontally aligned superior cerebellar peduncles were observed in all four patients with diffusion tensor imaging, with a lack of decussation in three. Exome sequencing performed in four patients revealed novel variants in the MKS1, CPLANE1, and PIBF1 genes.
Conclusion Facial dysmorphism, ocular abnormalities and classical imaging findings were observed in all patients with JS. Apart from ataxia, dystonia and myoclonus are other movement disorders observed in JS.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Joubert Sendromlu Hastanın Diş Tedavilerinde Anestezi Yönetimi: Olgu Sunumu Mehmet Akif Yılmaz, Feyza Şimşek, Havva Yavuz, Nuray Uzun, Murat Büyüksefil, Fatih Şengül, Elif Oral Ahıskalıoğlu Atatürk Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Cerrahi Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi.2024; 3(1): 15. CrossRef
Joubert Syndrome Presenting With Levodopa-Responsive Parkinsonism Jin Hwangbo, Ki-Seok Park, Hyun Sung Kim, Jae-Hwan Choi, Jae-Hyeok Lee Journal of Movement Disorders.2024; 17(3): 339. CrossRef
Progressive Dysphagia in Joubert Syndrome: A Report of a Rare Case Courteney Castellano, Jomaries O Gomez Rosado, Alexandra Witt, Rebecca Simon, Dyadin Esharif Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
A Novel Homozygous Variant in CPLANE1 Gene in a Patient with Developmental Deficits Bhagyalakshmi Shankarappa, Vishnu P. Prasad, Sujith Kumar, Ravi Shankar Rao, Angel Beula Royal, Mahadeva Swamy, Pannaga Prasad, Ashitha S. Niranjana Murthy, Suhas Ganesh, Biju Viswanath, Sanjeev Jain, Meera Purushottam, Murali Thyloth Molecular Syndromology.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Clinical and genetic characteristics of 36 children with Joubert syndrome Yan Dong, Ke Zhang, He Yao, Tianming Jia, Jun Wang, Dengna Zhu, Falin Xu, Meiying Cheng, Shichao Zhao, Xiaoyi Shi Frontiers in Pediatrics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
CEP104 gene may involve in the pathogenesis of a new developmental disorder other than joubert syndrome Reza Shervin Badv, Mojdeh Mahdiannasser, Maryam Rasoulinezhad, Laleh Habibi, Ali Rashidi-Nezhad Molecular Biology Reports.2022; 49(8): 7231. CrossRef
Congenital Brain Malformations: An Integrated Diagnostic Approach Bimal P. Chaudhari, Mai-Lan Ho Seminars in Pediatric Neurology.2022; 42: 100973. CrossRef
Objective There is limited literature on the knowledge, attitude, and perceptions (KAP) of botulinum toxin (BoNT) treatment among patients and caregivers. The objective of this study was to assess the KAP in patients undergoing BoNT treatment for movement disorders.
Methods One hundred patients with movement disorders from National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences Hospital in Bengaluru, South India, were recruited. The patients underwent demographic, clinical, and Patient Knowledge Questionnaire on Botulinum Toxin Use in Movement Disorders (PKQ-BMD)-based evaluations.
Results The mean age of patients at the time of presentation was 47.97 ± 14.19 years (range, 12–79). Of all the patients, 26 (28%) patients were anxious, and 86% of these patients were reassured after appropriate counseling. There were 83 (89%) patients who found BoNT to be a costlier option. Education and previous Internet searches influenced positive performance in the “knowledge” domain and overall PKQ-BMD scores. The “number of injections” was also positively correlated with KAP performance.
Conclusion This study showed that knowledge and perceptions about BoNT treatment need to be further improved. Wider availability of the Internet has provided a positive impact on patients’ and carers’ KAP. Internet-based information, higher educational qualifications of the patients, and a higher number of BoNT injection sessions are the most important predictors of satisfactory KAP related to BoNT injection treatment in patients with movement disorders.
Objective Telemedicine has rapidly gained momentum in movement disorder neurology during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic to preserve clinical care while mitigating the risks of in-person visits. We present data from the rapid implementation of virtual visits in a large, academic, movement disorder practice during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods We describe the strategic shift to virtual visits and retrospectively examine elements that impacted the ability to switch to telemedicine visits using historical prepandemic in-person data as a comparator, including demographics, distance driven, and diagnosis distribution, with an additional focus on patients with deep brain stimulators.
Results A total of 686 telemedicine visits were performed over a five-week period (60% of those previously scheduled for in-office visits). The average age of participants was 65 years, 45% were female, and 73% were Caucasian. Men were more likely to make the transition (p = 0.02). Telemedicine patients lived farther from the clinic than those seen in person (66.47 km vs. 42.16 km, p < 0.001), age was not associated with making the switch, and patient satisfaction did not change. There was a significant shift in the distribution of movement disorder diagnoses seen by telemedicine compared to prepandemic in-person visits (p < 0.001). Patients with deep brain stimulators were more likely to use telemedicine (11.5% vs. 7%, p < 0.001).
Conclusion Telemedicine is feasible, viable and relevant in the care of movement disorder patients, although health care disparities appear evident for women and minorities. Patients with deep brain stimulators preferred telemedicine in our study. Further study is warranted to explore these findings.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Interest and Satisfaction of Telemedicine Use Among Ambulatory Neurology Patients in Western North Carolina During the COVID-19 Pandemic K. Alexander Soltany, Reyna Segovia Molina, Carly Pappo, Sharon Thomson, Kelly Pring, Siobhan Cox, Rebecca Merrill, Emily Fishman, Alexander Ambrosini, Gabby Bognet, Kristen Dodenhoff, Heidi Munger Clary, Lauren Strauss, Rachel Graham, Amy K. Guzik, Roy E Telemedicine and e-Health.2024; 30(4): e1071. CrossRef
The Importance of Digital Health Literacy in an Evolving Parkinson’s Disease Care System Christine D. Esper, Blanca Y. Valdovinos, Ruth B. Schneider, Elke Kalbe, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Lorraine V. Kalia, Alice Nieuwboer Journal of Parkinson's Disease.2024; 14(s1): S181. CrossRef
Neurological Examination via Telemedicine: An Updated Review Focusing on Movement Disorders Efthalia Angelopoulou, Christos Koros, Evangelia Stanitsa, Ioannis Stamelos, Dionysia Kontaxopoulou, Stella Fragkiadaki, John D. Papatriantafyllou, Evangelia Smaragdaki, Kalliopi Vourou, Dimosthenis Pavlou, Panagiotis D. Bamidis, Leonidas Stefanis, Sokrat Medicina.2024; 60(6): 958. CrossRef
Long‐Lasting Impact of the COVID‐19 Pandemic on Patients with Parkinson's Disease and Their Relatives Andreas Wolfgang Wolff, Bernhard Haller, Antonia Franziska Demleitner, Dominik Pürner, Johanna Niederschweiberer, Isabell Cordts, Erica Westenberg, Paul Lingor Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2023; 10(5): 819. CrossRef
Telemedicine technologies and applications in the era of COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review Esmaeil Mehraeen, SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi, Mohammad Heydari, Amirali Karimi, Abdollah Mahdavi, Mehrnaz Mashoufi, Arezoo Sarmad, Peyman Mirghaderi, Ahmadreza Shamsabadi, Kowsar Qaderi, Pegah Mirzapour, Amirata Fakhfouri, Hadiseh Azadi Cheshmekabodi, Kimia Health Informatics Journal.2023; 29(2): 146045822311674. CrossRef
Racial disparities in access to DBS: results of a real-world U.S. claims data analysis Michael Frassica, Drew S. Kern, Mitra Afshari, Allison T. Connolly, Chengyuan Wu, Nathan Rowland, Juan Ramirez-Castaneda, Mwiza Ushe, Claudia Salazar, Xenos Mason Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Parkinson’s disease patients’ perspective on telephone visits during the COVID-19 pandemic Marta Magriço, Miguel Serôdio, Rita Ventura, Paulo Bugalho Journal of Neural Transmission.2023; 130(12): 1547. CrossRef
Telemedicine in Neurology: A Scoping Review of Key Outcomes in Movement Disorders Emily Houston, Amanda G. Kennedy, Donna O'Malley, Terry Rabinowitz, Gail L. Rose, James Boyd Telemedicine and e-Health.2022; 28(3): 295. CrossRef
Clinician and patient experience of neurology telephone consultations during the COVID-19 pandemic Tagore Nakornchai, Elena Conci, Anke Hensiek, J William L Brown Postgraduate Medical Journal.2022; 98(1161): 533. CrossRef
Moving Forward from the COVID-19 Pandemic: Needed Changes in Movement Disorders Care and Research B. Y. Valdovinos, J. S. Modica, R. B. Schneider Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports.2022; 22(2): 113. CrossRef
Movement Disorder Specialists Survey Regarding Use of Telemedicine During the COVID-19 Pandemic Shadi Ghourchian, Yasar A. Torres-Yaghi, Stuart H. Isaacson, Fernando Pagan, Kelly E. Lyons, Brian James Nagle, Sanskruti Patel, Rajesh Pahwa Telemedicine and e-Health.2022; 28(11): 1651. CrossRef
Attitudes Toward Telehealth Services Among People Living With Parkinson's Disease: A Survey Study Yaqian Xu, Megan P. Feeney, Matthew Surface, Dan Novak, Michelle S. Troche, James C. Beck, Roy N. Alcalay Movement Disorders.2022; 37(6): 1289. CrossRef
Service process factors affecting patients’ and clinicians’ experiences on rapid teleconsultation implementation in out-patient neurology services during COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review Guangxia Meng, Carrie McAiney, Christopher M. Perlman, Ian McKillop, Therese Tisseverasinghe, Helen H. Chen BMC Health Services Research.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Telemedicine in the Management of Parkinson’s Disease: Achievements, Challenges, and Future Perspectives Esther Cubo, Pedro David Delgado-López Brain Sciences.2022; 12(12): 1735. CrossRef
Clinician Perceptions of the Negative Impact of Telehealth Services in the Management of Drug-Induced Movement Disorders and Opportunities for Quality Improvement: A 2021 Internet-Based Survey Rimal Bera, Morgan Bron, Betsy Benning, Samantha Cicero, Heintje Calara, Diane Darling, Ericha Franey, Kendra Martello, Charles Yonan Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.2022; Volume 18: 2945. CrossRef
Objective Neurological symptoms in hospitalized patients are not rare, and neurological consultation for movement disorders is especially important in evaluating or managing those with various movement disorders. Therefore, we investigated a clinical pattern of in-hospital consultations for various movement disorders in a tertiary care university hospital.
Methods Over two years, a total of 202 patients (70.7 ± 11.8 years of age) presenting with movement disorders referred to movement disorder specialists were investigated.
Results The main symptoms referred by nonneurologists were tremor (56.9%), parkinsonism (16.8%), and gait disturbance (8.9%). The most frequent diagnostic category was toxic/metabolic-caused movement disorder (T/MCMD) (35%) with regard to medications, followed by Parkinson’s disease (PD) (16%). Regarding the mode of onset, T/MCMD was the leading cause for acute (68%) and subacute onset (46%), while PD was the leading disorder (31%) for chronic onset.
Conclusion The current study showed a characteristic pattern of inpatients presenting with movement disorders. Furthermore, our findings highlighted the clinical significance of drug use or metabolic problems for treating this patient population.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Pattern and frequency of involuntary movements: hospital-based study H. N. El Tallawy, A. S. Shalash, M. A. Abdelhamed, R. E. Elsabrout The Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Spectrum of Movement Disorders in Neurology Inpatients in a Tertiary Care Centre Shabeer Ahmad Paul, Gouranga Prasad Mondal, Ramesh Bhattacharyya, Kartik Chandra Ghosh, Sarbajit Das, Suman Das, Hema Krishna, Chandrakanta Patra Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice.2021; 12: 581. CrossRef
Objective
To report demographic data from a large cohort of patients with oromandibular dystonia (OMD).
Methods
This is a retrospective review of patients with OMD referred to our institution between 1989 and 2015. Demographic (age of onset, gender, and familial history of dystonia) and clinical (type of OMD, associated dystonia, and etiology of dystonia) data were collected from a cohort of 240 individuals.
Results
The mean age of onset of OMD was 51.6 years old, with a female predominance (2:1). A family history of dystonia was found in 6 patients (2.5%). One hundred and forty-nine patients (62.1%) had the jaw-opening type of OMD, 48 patients (20.0%) had the jaw-closing type, and 43 patients (17.9%) had a mixed form of OMD. Lingual dystonia was also present in 64 (26.7%) of these patients. Eighty-two patients (34.2%) had a focal dystonia, 131 patients (54.6%) had a segmental dystonia, and 27 patients (11.3%) had a generalized dystonia. One hundred and seventy-one patients (71.3%) had idiopathic OMD.
Conclusion
OMD is a chronic and disabling focal dystonia. Our study found a prevalence of female patients, an onset in middle age and a predominantly idiopathic etiology. Unlike other studies, jaw-opening was found to be the most frequent clinical type of OMD.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Surface electromyography for evaluating patients with oromandibular dystonia Jae-Hyung Kim, Byung-Gook Kim, Yeong-Gwan Im CRANIO®.2024; 42(3): 316. CrossRef
Tongue dystonia as CIS and presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis Farid Shamlou, Narges Ebrahimi, Ahmad Chitsaz Neuroimmunology Reports.2024; 5: 100191. CrossRef
Oromandibular dystonia: from onset to spread a multicenter italian study Assunta Trinchillo, Marcello Esposito, Carmen Terranova, Vincenzo Rizzo, Giovanni Fabbrini, Gina Ferrazzano, Daniele Belvisi, Roberto Erro, Paolo Barone, Francesco Bono, Francesca Di Biasio, Anna Rita Bentivoglio, Christian Lettieri, Maria Concetta Altavi Neurological Sciences.2024; 45(9): 4341. CrossRef
A Case Study of Korean Medicine Treatment in a Patient Complaining of Generalized Dystonia Kyeong-hwa Lee, Hye-min Heo, Dong-joo Kim, Min-jae Kwak, Ye-chae Hwang, Seung-yeon Cho, Jung-mi Park, Chang-nam Ko, Seong-uk Park The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine.2024; 45(2): 208. CrossRef
Oromandibular Dystonia: Clinical and Demographic Data from Eight-Two Patients Mehmet Balal, Meltem Demirkiran Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Oromandibular Dystonia is a Prominent Feature in Patients with Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase (AADC) Deficiency Helio van der Linden Jr., Christiane Cobas, Andre Felipe Pinto Duarte, Marcelo Rodrigues Masruha Journal of Inborn Errors of Metabolism and Screening.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Presentation and Management of Peripheral-induced Oromandibular Dystonia in Nigeria: A Case Report and Literature Update Nonso Emmanuel Onyia, Mercy Okoh, Obinna Francis Igwilo, Izegboya Vivian Ukpebor, Eze Stephen Nwauzor Nigerian Journal of Medicine.2023; 32(4): 433. CrossRef
Oromandibular Dystonia – A Systematic Review Udit Saraf, Mitesh Chandarana, K. P Divya, Syam Krishnan Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.2022; 25(1): 26. CrossRef
Botulinum Toxin Therapy for Oromandibular Dystonia and Other Movement Disorders in the Stomatognathic System Kazuya Yoshida Toxins.2022; 14(4): 282. CrossRef
Botulinum toxin injections in jaw-opening dystonia. The lateral pterygoid – maxillary artery problem Sena Ünal, F. Tugra Karaarslan-Turk, Muhittin Cenk Akbostanci, Elif Peker, Rezzak Yilmaz Journal of Clinical Neuroscience.2022; 101: 217. CrossRef
Oromandibular dystonia seen during pramipexole treatment: A rare case Fatma KARA, Mehmet Fatih GÖL, Ayhan VARLIBAŞ Journal of Surgery and Medicine.2022; 6(6): 1. CrossRef
Dystonia, chorea, hemiballismus and other dyskinesias Matteo Bologna, Josep Valls-Solè, Nitish Kamble, Pramod Kumar Pal, Antonella Conte, Andrea Guerra, Daniele Belvisi, Alfredo Berardelli Clinical Neurophysiology.2022; 140: 110. CrossRef
Movement disorders of the mouth: a review of the common phenomenologies C. M. Ghadery, L. V. Kalia, B. S. Connolly Journal of Neurology.2022; 269(11): 5812. CrossRef
Botulinum Toxin in Movement Disorders: An Update Charenya Anandan, Joseph Jankovic Toxins.2021; 13(1): 42. CrossRef
Temporomandibular disorder–related characteristics and treatment outcomes in Oromandibular Dystonia patients in two different clinical settings: A cross‐sectional study Asha Sude, Joseph Matsumoto, Shanti Kaimal, Ashley Petersen, Donald R. Nixdorf Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2021; 48(5): 542. CrossRef
Jaw Pain and Oromandibular Dysfunction After a Complex Hospital Course Sarah Smith, Ny-Ying Lam American Journal of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation.2021; 100(5): e62. CrossRef
Oromandibular Dystonia: A Clinical Examination of 2,020 Cases Laura M. Scorr, Stewart A. Factor, Sahyli Perez Parra, Rachel Kaye, Randal C. Paniello, Scott A. Norris, Joel S. Perlmutter, Tobias Bäumer, Tatiana Usnich, Brian D. Berman, Marie Mailly, Emmanuel Roze, Marie Vidailhet, Joseph Jankovic, Mark S. LeDoux, Ric Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes in Oromandibular Dystonia Using Surface Electromyography: A Case Series Yeong-Gwan Im, Jae-Hyung Kim, Byung-Gook Kim Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain.2021; 46(4): 143. CrossRef
Application of botulinum toxin in pregnancy and its impact on female reproductive health Wu Li, Min Tang Expert Opinion on Drug Safety.2020; 19(1): 83. CrossRef
Prevalence and clinical characteristics of patients with oromandibular dystonia seen in the orofacial pain clinic: a retrospective study Asha Sude, Donald R. Nixdorf Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology.2020; 130(2): 169. CrossRef
Clinical spectrum of focal dystonias: Experience from a tertiary care center Rupesh Prasad, Deepika Joshi, VijayN Mishra, RameshwarN Chaurasia, Abhishek Pathak Annals of Movement Disorders.2020; 3(2): 99. CrossRef
Bite injury related to oromandibular dystonia extending to the maxillary sinus: A case report Yoshiro Koma, Takehiro Fujimoto, Shinji Uejima, Kotaro Sato, Keisuke Sugimoto, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Jun Ishikawa, Kazuya Nambu, Hideharu Hibi Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology.2020; 32(6): 503. CrossRef
Botulinum neurotoxin a therapy efficacy and safety for oromandibular dystonia: a meta-analysis Pariessa D. Dadgardoust, Raymond L. Rosales, Ria Monica Asuncion, Dirk Dressler Journal of Neural Transmission.2019; 126(2): 141. CrossRef
Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy for Lingual Dystonia Using an Individualized Injection Method Based on Clinical Features Kazuya Yoshida Toxins.2019; 11(1): 51. CrossRef
Oromandibular dystonia, mental distress and oro‐facial dysfunction—A follow‐up 8‐10 years after start of treatment with botulinum toxin Merete Bakke, Sara Baram, Torben Dalager, Heidi Bryde Biernat, Eigild Møller Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2019; 46(5): 441. CrossRef
Pseudodystonia: A new perspective on an old phenomenon Rok Berlot, Kailash P. Bhatia, Maja Kojović Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2019; 62: 44. CrossRef
Severe Jaw‐Opening Dystonia as an Unusual Manifestation of Levodopa‐Related Wearing‐Off in Parkinson's Disease, and Successful Treatment With Botulinum Toxin Injection Pankaj Ashok Agarwal Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2019; 6(6): 500. CrossRef
Other than tremor, movement disorders are uncommon in multiple sclerosis. Among these uncommon clinical manifestations, paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia is the most frequently reported. It is characterized by episodic attacks of involuntary movements that are induced by repetitive or sudden movements, startling noise or hyperventilation. The diagnosis is essentially clinical and based on a good observation of the attacks. It is very easy to misdiagnose it. We describe the case of a young female patient who presented paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia as the first and only clinical manifestation of multiple sclerosis, with no recurrence of attacks nor any other neurologic symptom after eighteen months of follow-up.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Tongue dystonia as CIS and presenting symptom of multiple sclerosis Farid Shamlou, Narges Ebrahimi, Ahmad Chitsaz Neuroimmunology Reports.2024; 5: 100191. CrossRef
The Pathogenesis of Paroxysmal Kinesigenic Dyskinesia: Current Concepts Zi‐yi Li, Wo‐tu Tian, Xiao‐jun Huang, Li Cao Movement Disorders.2023; 38(4): 537. CrossRef
Movement Disorder in Demyelinating Disease Rashmi Singh, Sanjay Pandey Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.2022; 25(5): 821. CrossRef
Recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia: an expert consensus in China Li Cao, Xiaojun Huang, Ning Wang, Zhiying Wu, Cheng Zhang, Weihong Gu, Shuyan Cong, Jianhua Ma, Ling Wei, Yanchun Deng, Qi Fang, Qi Niu, Jin Wang, Zhaoxia Wang, You Yin, Jinyong Tian, Shufen Tian, Hongyan Bi, Hong Jiang, Xiaorong Liu, Yang Lü, Meizhen Sun Translational Neurodegeneration.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Les mouvements anormaux : mise au point M. Béreau, C. Tranchant La Revue de Médecine Interne.2018; 39(8): 641. CrossRef
Lesion correlates of secondary paroxysmal dyskinesia in multiple sclerosis Kilian Fröhlich, Klemens Winder, Ralf A. Linker, Konstantin Huhn, Tobias Engelhorn, Arnd Dörfler, De-Hyung Lee, Stefan Schwab, Frank Seifert Journal of Neurology.2018; 265(10): 2277. CrossRef
Objective
As the literature for the treatment of functional (psychogenic) movement disorders (FMD) is sparse, we assessed clinical outcomes in patients with FMD who underwent treatment with psychodynamic psychotherapy (PDP).
Methods
A retrospective analysis of the data of patients with FMD who were referred for PDP from 2008−2014 at Emory University Medical Center was performed.
Results
Thirty patients were included, mean age at presentation was 50 years (SD 13.9) and majority were female (27/30). Most common movement disorder was involuntary shaking/jerky movements (50%) and tremor (43%). Mean duration of symptoms was 3.2 years and mean number of PDP visits was 4.9. PDP lead to good outcomes in 10, modest in 8, and poor in 9. Three patients lost to follow up. Mean duration of symptoms between two groups (good vs. poor) was not statistically significant (p = 0.11), mean number of PDP visits showed a trend towards significance (p = 0.053). In all cases of good outcomes precipitants of the movement disorder were identified and a majority (60%) was receptive of the diagnosis and had good insight.
Conclusion
PDP lead to improvement in 60% of the patients which is encouraging as the treatment is challenging. This study supports heterogeneous causes of FMD including varied roles of past/recent events and demonstrates importance of psychological approaches such as PDP. Treatment with PDP should be considered in some patients with FMD but predicting who will respond remains a challenge. Further long term prospective studies with large sample size and placebo control are needed.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Functional Tic‐Like Behaviors: A Common Comorbidity in Patients with Tourette Syndrome Kirsten R. Müller‐Vahl, Anna Pisarenko, Carolin Fremer, Martina Haas, Ewgeni Jakubovski, Natalia Szejko Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2024; 11(3): 227. CrossRef
Living with functional movement disorders: a tale of three battles. An interpretative phenomenological analysis Sylwia Bazydlo, Fiona J. R. Eccles Psychology & Health.2024; 39(8): 1130. CrossRef
Integrated model of care for functional movement disorder: targeting brain, mind and body Haseel Bhatt, Lindsey MacGillivray, Gabriela S. Gilmour, Keschey Marcelle, Laura Langer, Sarah C. Lidstone Disability and Rehabilitation.2024; : 1. CrossRef
Neuropsychiatric Treatment Approaches for Functional Neurological Disorder: A How to Guide Sara A. Finkelstein, Caitlin Adams, Margaret Tuttle, Aneeta Saxena, David L. Perez Seminars in Neurology.2022; 42(02): 204. CrossRef
Functional tremor Petra Schwingenschuh, Alberto J. Espay Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2022; 435: 120208. CrossRef
Psychological interventions for treating functional motor symptoms: A systematic scoping review of the literature Erin M. Beal, Peter Coates, Cara Pelser Clinical Psychology Review.2022; 94: 102146. CrossRef
Management of Functional Seizures and Functional Movement Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Comparative Study Bruno Gabriel Dal Pasquale, Hélio Afonso Ghizoni Teive, Marcelo Daudt von der Heyde, Luana Francine Anad Dal Pasquale Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment.2022; Volume 18: 2121. CrossRef
Efficacy of a 5-day, intensive, multidisciplinary, outpatient physical and occupational therapy protocol in the treatment of functional movement disorders: A retrospective study Megan Reid, Steven D. Mitchell, Katharine M. Mitchell, Christos Sidiropoulos Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2022; 443: 120461. CrossRef
Diagnosis and therapy of functional tremor a systematic review illustrated by a case report Michael Bartl, Rebekka Kewitsch, Mark Hallett, Martin Tegenthoff, Walter Paulus Neurological Research and Practice.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Speech, language and swallowing impairments in functional neurological disorder: a scoping review Caroline Barnett, Jean Armes, Christina Smith International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders.2019; 54(3): 309. CrossRef
Functional movement disorders in neurogeriatric inpatients Sara Mätzold, Johanna Geritz, Kirsten E. Zeuner, Daniela Berg, Steffen Paschen, Johanne Hieke, Simone Sablowsky, Christian Ortlieb, Philipp Bergmann, Werner Hofmann, Alberto J. Espay, Walter Maetzler Zeitschrift für Gerontologie und Geriatrie.2019; 52(4): 324. CrossRef
Psychogenic (Functional) Movement Disorders Mary Ann Thenganatt, Joseph Jankovic CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in Neurology.2019; 25(4): 1121. CrossRef
Disentangling Stigma from Functional Neurological Disorders: Conference Report and Roadmap for the Future Karen S. Rommelfanger, Stewart A. Factor, Suzette LaRoche, Phyllis Rosen, Raymond Young, Mark H. Rapaport Frontiers in Neurology.2017;[Epub] CrossRef