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Original Article
Semiautomated Algorithm for the Diagnosis of Multiple System Atrophy With Predominant Parkinsonism
Woong-Woo Lee, Han-Joon Kim, Hong Ji Lee, Han Byul Kim, Kwang Suk Park, Chul-Ho Sohn, Beomseok Jeon
J Mov Disord. 2022;15(3):232-240.   Published online July 26, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21178
  • 2,294 View
  • 116 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
Putaminal iron deposition is an important feature that helps differentiate multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-p) from Parkinson’s disease (PD). Most previous studies used visual inspection or quantitative methods with manual manipulation to perform this differentiation. We investigated the value of a new semiautomated diagnostic algorithm using 3T-MR susceptibility-weighted imaging for MSA-p.
Methods
This study included 26 MSA-p, 68 PD, and 41 normal control (NC) subjects. The algorithm was developed in 2 steps: 1) determine the image containing the remarkable putaminal margin and 2) calculate the phase-shift values, which reflect the iron concentration. The next step was to identify the best differentiating conditions among several combinations. The highest phaseshift value of each subject was used to assess the most effective diagnostic set.
Results
The raw phase-shift values were present along the lateral margin of the putamen in each group. It demonstrates an anterior- to-posterior gradient that was identified most frequently in MSA-p. The average of anterior 5 phase shift values were used for normalization. The highest area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.874, 80.8% sensitivity, and 86.7% specificity) of MSA-p versus PD was obtained under the combination of 3 or 4 vertical pixels and one dominant side when the normalization methods were applied. In the subanalysis for the MSA-p patients with a longer disease duration, the performance of the algorithm improved.
Conclusion
This algorithm detected the putaminal lateral margin well, provided insight into the iron distribution of the putaminal rim of MSA-p, and demonstrated good performance in differentiating MSA-p from PD.
Brief communication
Movement Disorders Resulting From Bilateral Basal Ganglia Lesions in End-Stage Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review
Kah Hui Yap, Nurul Husna Baharudin, Abdul Halim Abdul Gafor, Rabani Remli, Shen-Yang Lim, Wan Asyraf Wan Zaidi, Shahrul Azmin, Shahizon Azura Mohamed Mukari, Raihanah Abdul Khalid, Norlinah Mohamed Ibrahim
J Mov Disord. 2022;15(3):258-263.   Published online May 26, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21185
  • 2,491 View
  • 96 Download
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
The basal ganglia (BG) are susceptible to fluctuations in blood urea levels, sometimes resulting in movement disorders. We described patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) presenting with movement disorders associated with bilateral BG lesions on imaging.
Methods
We report four patients and systematically reviewed all published cases of ESKD presenting with movement disorders and bilateral BG lesions (EBSCOhost and Ovid).
Results
Of the 72 patients identified, 55 (76.4%) were on regular dialysis. Parkinsonism was the most common movement disorder (n = 39; 54.2%), followed by chorea (n = 24; 33.3%). Diabetes mellitus (n = 51; 70.8%) and hypertension (n = 16; 22.2%) were the most common risk factors. Forty-three (59.7%) were of Asian ethnicity. Complete clinical resolution was reported in 17 (30.9%) patients, while 38 (69.1%) had incomplete clinical resolution with relapse. Complete radiological resolution occurred in 14 (34.1%) patients.
Conclusion
Movement disorders associated with BG lesions should be recognized as a rare and potentially reversible metabolic movement disorder in patients with ESKD.
Review Article
Perry Disease: Concept of a New Disease and Clinical Diagnostic Criteria
Yoshio Tsuboi, Takayasu Mishima, Shinsuke Fujioka
J Mov Disord. 2021;14(1):1-9.   Published online September 21, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.20060
  • 7,863 View
  • 389 Download
  • 13 Web of Science
  • 13 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Perry disease is a hereditary neurodegenerative disease with autosomal dominant inheritance. It is characterized by parkinsonism, psychiatric symptoms, unexpected weight loss, central hypoventilation, and transactive-response DNA-binding protein of 43kD (TDP-43) aggregation in the brain. In 2009, Perry disease was found to be caused by dynactin I gene (DCTN1), which encodes dynactin subunit p150 on chromosome 2p, in patients with the disease. The dynactin complex is a motor protein that is associated with axonal transport. Presently, at least 8 mutations and 22 families have been reported; other than the “classic” syndrome, distinct phenotypes are recognized. The neuropathology of Perry disease reveals severe degeneration in the substantia nigra and TDP-43 inclusions in the basal ganglia and brain stem. How dysfunction of the dynactin molecule is related to TDP-43 pathology in Perry disease is important to elucidate the pathological mechanism and develop new treatment.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    J. Necpál, M. Borsek, B. Jeleňová
    Revue Neurologique.2024; 180(1-2): 12.     CrossRef
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    Takayasu Mishima, Junichi Yuasa-Kawada, Shinsuke Fujioka, Yoshio Tsuboi
    Biomedicines.2024; 12(1): 113.     CrossRef
  • Dysregulation of stress granule dynamics by DCTN1 deficiency exacerbates TDP-43 pathology in Drosophila models of ALS/FTD
    Tetsuhiro Ueda, Toshihide Takeuchi, Nobuhiro Fujikake, Mari Suzuki, Eiko N. Minakawa, Morio Ueyama, Yuzo Fujino, Nobuyuki Kimura, Seiichi Nagano, Akio Yokoseki, Osamu Onodera, Hideki Mochizuki, Toshiki Mizuno, Keiji Wada, Yoshitaka Nagai
    Acta Neuropathologica Communications.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Extubation failure due to atypical parkinsonism with negligible motor and variable non-motor symptoms associated with a variant of DCTN1
    Hidetada Yamada, Shuichiro Neshige, Hiroyuki Morino, Hirofumi Maruyama
    Internal and Emergency Medicine.2023; 18(1): 329.     CrossRef
  • Deficiency of Perry syndrome-associated p150Glued in midbrain dopaminergic neurons leads to progressive neurodegeneration and endoplasmic reticulum abnormalities
    Jia Yu, Xuan Yang, Jiayin Zheng, Carmelo Sgobio, Lixin Sun, Huaibin Cai
    npj Parkinson's Disease.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Pathogenic Aspects and Therapeutic Avenues of Autophagy in Parkinson’s Disease
    Rémi Kinet, Benjamin Dehay
    Cells.2023; 12(4): 621.     CrossRef
  • The genetic spectrum of a cohort of patients clinically diagnosed as Parkinson’s disease in mainland China
    Yi-Min Sun, Xin-Yue Zhou, Xiao-Niu Liang, Jin-Ran Lin, Yi-Dan Xu, Chen Chen, Si-Di Wei, Qi-Si Chen, Feng-Tao Liu, Jue Zhao, Yi-Lin Tang, Bo Shen, Lin-Hua Gan, Boxun Lu, Zheng-Tong Ding, Yu An, Jian-Jun Wu, Jian Wang
    npj Parkinson's Disease.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Perry syndrome: Novel DCTN1 mutation in a large kindred and first observation of prodromal disease
    Jarosław Dulski, Shunsuke Koga, Mercedes Prudencio, Philip W. Tipton, Shan Ali, Audrey J. Strongosky, Juliana H. Rose, Zoe A. Parrales, Judith A. Dunmore, Karen Jansen-West, Leonard Petrucelli, Dennis W. Dickson, Zbigniew K. Wszolek
    Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2023; 112: 105481.     CrossRef
  • Perry Disease: Expanding the Genetic Basis
    Jarosław Dulski, Shunsuke Koga, Paweł P. Liberski, Emilia J. Sitek, Ankur A. Butala, Jarosław Sławek, Dennis W. Dickson, Zbigniew K. Wszolek
    Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2023; 10(7): 1136.     CrossRef
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    Fangzhi Jia, Avi Fellner, Kishore Raj Kumar
    Genes.2022; 13(3): 471.     CrossRef
  • Perry disease in an Argentine family due to the DCTN1 p.G67D variant
    Emanuel Silva, Tatiana Itzcovich, Matías Niikado, Alejandro Caride, Elmer Fernández, Juan Carlos Vázquez, Leonardo Romorini, Mariela Marazita, Gustavo Sevlever, Horacio Martinetto, Ezequiel I. Surace
    Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2022; 97: 63.     CrossRef
  • Clinical, pathological and genetic characteristics of Perry disease—new cases and literature review
    Jarosław Dulski, Catalina Cerquera‐Cleves, Lukasz Milanowski, Alexa Kidd, Emilia J. Sitek, Audrey Strongosky, Ana María Vanegas Monroy, Dennis W. Dickson, Owen A. Ross, Jolanta Pentela‐Nowicka, Jarosław Sławek, Zbigniew K. Wszolek
    European Journal of Neurology.2021; 28(12): 4010.     CrossRef
  • Behavioral profile in a Dctn1G71A knock-in mouse model of Perry disease
    Manami Deshimaru, Takayasu Mishima, Takuya Watanabe, Kaori Kubota, Mana Hosoi, Mariko Kinoshita-Kawada, Junichi Yuasa-Kawada, Maiko Ikeda, Masayoshi Mori, Yusuke Murata, Takaya Abe, Munechika Enjoji, Hiroshi Kiyonari, Shohta Kodama, Shinsuke Fujioka, Kats
    Neuroscience Letters.2021; 764: 136234.     CrossRef
Case Report
A Case of Abnormal Postures in the Left Extremities after Pontine Hemorrhage: Dystonia or Pseudodystonia?
Chan Wook Park, Seok Jong Chung, Young H. Sohn, Phil Hyu Lee
J Mov Disord. 2020;13(1):62-65.   Published online January 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19074
  • 4,844 View
  • 127 Download
  • 2 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
It is difficult to determine the pathoanatomical correlates of dystonia because of its complex pathophysiology, and most cases with secondary dystonia are associated with basal ganglia lesions. Moreover, it is a challenging issue that patients with abnormal postures accompanied by other neurological findings in the affected body part (e.g., sensory loss) can be diagnosed with true dystonia or pseudodystonia. Here, we report a case of abnormal postures with loss of proprioception in the left extremities after right dorsal pontine hemorrhage.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Rehabilitation of hemidystonia as a result of right pontine hemorrhagic stroke
    Melanie Aing, Craig DiTommaso
    The Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine.2023; 6(4): 116.     CrossRef
  • Hemidystonia after Pontine Hemorrhage Successfully Treated with Pharmacotherapy and Intensive Rehabilitation: a Case Report
    Gyu Seong Kim, Yeon Gyu Jeong, Yoon Jeong Jeong, Seo Yeon Yoon
    Brain & Neurorehabilitation.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Articles
Comparison of Spontaneous Motor Tempo during Finger Tapping, Toe Tapping and Stepping on the Spot in People with and without Parkinson’s Disease
Dawn Rose, Daniel J. Cameron, Peter J. Lovatt, Jessica A. Grahn, Lucy E. Annett
J Mov Disord. 2020;13(1):47-56.   Published online January 31, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.19043
  • 18,289 View
  • 170 Download
  • 15 Web of Science
  • 14 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
Spontaneous motor tempo (SMT), observed in walking, tapping and clapping, tends to occur around 2 Hz. Initiating and controlling movement can be difficult for people with Parkinson’s (PWP), but studies have not identified whether PWP differ from controls in SMT. For community-based interventions, e.g. dancing, it would be helpful to know a baseline SMT to optimize the tempi of cued activities. Therefore, this study compared finger tapping (FT), toe tapping (TT) and stepping ‘on the spot’ (SS) in PWP and two groups of healthy controls [age-matched controls (AMC) and young healthy controls (YHC)], as SMT is known to change with age.
Methods
Participants (PWP; n = 30, AMC; n = 23, YHC; n = 35) were asked to tap or step on the spot at a natural pace for two trials lasting 40 seconds. The central 30 seconds were averaged for analyses using mean inter-onset intervals (IOI) and coefficient of variation (CoV) to measure rate and variability respectively.
Results
PWP had faster SMT than both control groups, depending on the movement modality: FT, F(2, 87) = 7.92, p < 0.01 (PWP faster than YHC); TT, F(2, 87) = 4.89, p = 0.01 (PWP faster than AMC); and SS, F(2, 77) = 3.26, p = 0.04 (PWP faster than AMC). PWP had higher CoV (more variable tapping) than AMC in FT only, F(2, 87) = 4.10, p = 0.02.
Conclusion
This study provides the first direct comparison of SMT between PWP and two control groups for different types of movements. Results suggest SMT is generally faster in PWP than control groups, and more variable when measured with finger tapping compared to stepping on the spot.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Synchronization during Improvised Active Music Therapy in clients with Parkinson’s disease
    Demian Kogutek, Emily Ready, Jeffrey D. Holmes, Jessica A. Grahn
    Nordic Journal of Music Therapy.2023; 32(3): 202.     CrossRef
  • Clinical utility of paced finger tapping assessment in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus
    Yoko Shimizu, Motoki Tanikawa, Mitsuya Horiba, Kento Sahashi, Shoji Kawashima, Akihiko Kandori, Tomoyasu Yamanaka, Yusuke Nishikawa, Noriyuki Matsukawa, Yoshino Ueki, Mitsuhito Mase
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    Cécil J. W. Meulenberg, Kathrin Rehfeld, Saša Jovanović, Uros Marusic
    Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Elizabeth L. Stegemöller, Riley Berg, Alison Warnecke, Mollie Hammer
    Frontiers in Human Neuroscience.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Anaïs Desbernats, Elodie Martin, Jessica Tallet
    Frontiers in Psychology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Manuel Bange, Gabriel Gonzalez-Escamilla, Tabea Marquardt, Angela Radetz, Christian Dresel, Damian Herz, Wolfgang Immanuel Schöllhorn, Sergiu Groppa, Muthuraman Muthuraman
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    Anat Kliger Amrani, Elana Zion Golumbic
    Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research.2022; 65(3): 923.     CrossRef
  • Virtual Reality to Evaluate the Impact of Colorful Interventions and Nature Elements on Spontaneous Walking, Gaze, and Emotion
    Adamantia Batistatou, Florentin Vandeville, Yvonne N. Delevoye-Turrell
    Frontiers in Virtual Reality.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Kristin Weineck, Olivia Xin Wen, Molly J Henry
    eLife.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Spontaneous motor tempo contributes to preferred music tempo regardless of music familiarity
    Kyoko Hine, Koki Abe, Yuya Kinzuka, Mohammad Shehata, Katsunobu Hatano, Toshie Matsui, Shigeki Nakauchi
    Frontiers in Psychology.2022;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Mariya Savinov, David Swigon, Bard Ermentrout
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Heterogeneous Patterns of Striatal Dopamine Loss in Patients with Young- versus Old-Onset Parkinson’s Disease: Impact on Clinical Features
Seok Jong Chung, Han Soo Yoo, Yang Hyun Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn
J Mov Disord. 2019;12(2):113-119.   Published online May 30, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.18064
  • 7,378 View
  • 156 Download
  • 22 Web of Science
  • 26 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDFSupplementary Material
Objective
Ample evidence has suggested that age at onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is associated with heterogeneous clinical features in individuals. We hypothesized that this may be attributed to different patterns of nigrostriatal dopamine loss.
Methods
A total of 205 consecutive patients with de novo PD who underwent 18F-FP-CIT PET scans (mean follow-up duration, 6.31 years) were divided into three tertile groups according to their age at onset of parkinsonian motor symptoms. Striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) availability was compared between the old- (n = 73) and young-onset (n = 66) groups. In addition, the risk of developing freezing of gait (FOG) and longitudinal requirements for dopaminergic medications were examined.
Results
The old-onset PD group (mean age at onset, 72.66 years) exhibited more severe parkinsonian motor signs than the young-onset group (52.58 years), despite comparable DAT availability in the posterior putamen; moreover, the old-onset group exhibited more severely decreased DAT availability in the caudate than the young-onset group. A Cox regression model revealed that the old-onset PD group had a higher risk for developing FOG than the young-onset group [hazard ratio 2.523, 95% confidence interval (1.239–5.140)]. The old-onset group required higher doses of dopaminergic medications for symptom control than the young-onset group over time.
Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that the old-onset PD group exhibited more severe dopamine loss in the caudate and were more likely to develop gait freezing, suggesting that age at onset may be one of the major determinants of the pattern of striatal dopamine depletion and progression of gait disturbance in PD.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Patterns of regional cerebral hypoperfusion in early Parkinson's disease: Clinical implications
    Seok Jong Chung, Su Hong Kim, Chan Wook Park, Hye Sun Lee, Mijin Yun, Yun Joong Kim, Young H. Sohn, Yong Jeong, Phil Hyu Lee
    Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; 121: 106024.     CrossRef
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    Areej Turkistani, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Ali K. Albuhadily, Athanasios Alexiou, Marios Papadakis, Mohamed M. Elfiky, Hebatallah M. Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
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    Min Young Chun, Seok Jong Chung, Su Hong Kim, Chan Wook Park, Seong Ho Jeong, Hye Sun Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn, Yong Jeong, Yun Joong Kim
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    Mattia Siciliano, Rosa De Micco, Andrea Gerardo Russo, Fabrizio Esposito, Valeria Sant'Elia, Lucia Ricciardi, Francesca Morgante, Antonio Russo, Jennifer G. Goldman, Carlo Chiorri, Gioacchino Tedeschi, Luigi Trojano, Alessandro Tessitore
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    Naif H. Ali, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali I. Al-Gareeb, Saud A. Alnaaim, Hebatallah M. Saad, Gaber El-Saber Batiha
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    Seok Jong Chung, Yun Joong Kim, Han Soo Yoo, Jin Ho Jung, KyoungWon Baik, Hye Sun Lee, Yang Hyun Lee, Ji-Man Hong, Young H Sohn, Phil Hyu Lee, Jay Magaziner
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    Seok Jong Chung, Han Soo Yoo, Na-Young Shin, Yae Won Park, Hye Sun Lee, Ji-Man Hong, Yun Joong Kim, Seung-Koo Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn
    Neurology.2021;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    久大 立花
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    Xiaohong Li, Qizhou Zhang, Yongde Qin, Yubin Li, Nazimuguli Mutaerbieke, Xiaojia Zhao, Amina Yibulayin
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  • DaTSCAN (123I-FP-CIT SPECT) imaging in early versus mid and late onset Parkinson's disease: Longitudinal data from the PPMI study
    Christos Koros, Athina-Maria Simitsi, Andreas Prentakis, Nikolaos Papagiannakis, Anastasia Bougea, Ioanna Pachi, Dimitra Papadimitriou, Ion Beratis, Sokratis G. Papageorgiou, Maria Stamelou, Xenia Geronicola Trapali, Leonidas Stefanis
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    Seok Jong Chung, Jae Jung Lee, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn
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Review Article
What Is Wrong with Balance in Parkinson’s Disease?
Jeong-Ho Park, Yeo-Jeong Kang, Fay Bahling Horak
J Mov Disord. 2015;8(3):109-114.   Published online September 10, 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.15018
  • 24,058 View
  • 398 Download
  • 87 Web of Science
  • 86 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Postural instability and resulting falls are major factors determining quality of life, morbidity, and mortality in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD). A better understanding of balance impairments would improve management of balance dysfunction and prevent falls in patients with PD. The effects of bradykinesia, rigidity, impaired proprioception, freezing of gait and attention on postural stability in patients with idiopathic PD have been well characterized in laboratory studies. The purpose of this review is to systematically summarize the types of balance impairments contributing to postural instability in people with PD.

Citations

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  • Methods for evaluating gait associated dynamic balance and coordination in rodents
    Akshat D. Modi, Anavi Parekh, Zeenal H. Patel
    Behavioural Brain Research.2024; 456: 114695.     CrossRef
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    Francesca Salaorni, Giulia Bonardi, Federico Schena, Michele Tinazzi, Marialuisa Gandolfi
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Original Article
Anticholinergic Agents Can Induce Oromandibular Dyskinesia
Hee-Young Shin, Won Tae Yoon, Won Yong Lee
J Mov Disord. 2009;2(2):69-71.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09018
  • 18,470 View
  • 76 Download
  • 3 Crossref
AbstractAbstract PDF
Background and Purpose:

Oromandibular dyskinesia (OMD) can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by the conventional dopamine receptor antagonists. Anticholinergic medications have rarely been reported to cause OMD in parkinsonian or non-parkinsonian patients.

Methods:

We analyzed the clinical features of two parkinsonian and one non-parkinsonian patients who experienced OMD after anticholinergic medication.

Results:

Each patient of our cases developed oromandibular symptoms in the temporal regions that were related to the addition of anticholinergic agents, and the symptoms were relieved following the discontinuation of the causative anticholinergic drugs. In one of our case, levodopa alone did not cause dyskinesia but augmented dyskinesia associated with anticholinergics.

Conclusions:

Here we report two parkinsonian and one non-parkinsonian patients with OMD induced by the use of anticholinergic agents. In our cases, we could not find any other precipitating or actual secondary causes for the OMD symptoms in our patients. Furthermore, the fact that the OMD in our cases were ameliorated with cessation of anticholinergics suggests that it may be anticholinergic-induced.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
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    Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2021; 202: 106480.     CrossRef
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    Nicki Niemann, Joseph Jankovic
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Case Report
Adult Onset Familial Cherry-Red Spot Myoclonus
Chi Kyung Kim, Beom S. Jeon
J Mov Disord. 2009;2(1):50-52.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.09014
  • 18,645 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF

We report a case of a 36-year-old woman with progressive generalized myoclonus that first became apparent 9 years ago. Her younger brother had similar problems. Examination of her eyes revealed cherry-red spots. Hexosaminidase A, β-galactosidase and neuraminidase activity were normal. Although the laboratory findings were negative, cherry-red spots, progressive myoclonus and autosomal recessive inheritance pattern suggested that she had an unknown type of lysosomal storage disease.

Original Article
The Role of Telephone Counseling in Management of Parkinson’s Disease Patients
Mi Sun Kim, Sun Ju Chung, Sung Reul Kim, Tai Yeon Lee, Myoung Chong Lee
J Mov Disord. 2008;1(1):33-37.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.08006
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Background:

Various nonpharmacologic managements are important fundamental elements in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD). We aimed to investigate the role of telephone counseling in managing PD patients.

Methods:

From November 2006 to January 2007, we studied 243 PD patients at outpatient clinic of Asan Medical Center. Detailed telephone counseling was provided using a list structured questionnaires.

Results:

There were 73 men and 170 women with an age range of 17 to 85 years (mean age, 64.9 years). Mean age at onset was 59.5 years (range, 14–82 years) and mean disease duration was 5.6 years (range, 0.3–25 years). The contents of telephone counseling included adverse effects of anti-Parkinsonian medications (24.4%), aggravation of motor symptoms (18.7%), problems due to comorbidities (17.8%), how to take medicine (13.6%), activities of daily living (diet, bowel, sleeping and safety) (12.6%), complementary or alternative medicines (3.9%) and knowledge about PD (3.0%). Persons who responded to use the telephone counseling included patients (37.9%), offspring (36.2%), spouses (17.7%) and other relatives (7.4%). Persons who received the telephone counseling were determined by level of education, sex, cohabitation and Hoehn-Yahr stage. Contents of telephone counseling varied significantly with Hoehn-Yahr stage and persons who used the telephone counseling.

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that support system with telephone counseling may provide beneficial therapeutic intervention in PD patients, especially for those with advanced PD. The most cost-effective method for telephone support needs to be studied.


JMD : Journal of Movement Disorders