Journal of Movement Disorders

Brief communication

Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Digital Cognitive Training in Parkinson’s Disease With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study: Dongje Lee, Hang-Rai Kim, Yu Jeong Park, Yisuh Ahn, Daeho Lee, Jungyeun Lee, Su Jin Chung, Seung Yeon Kim, Yeji Hwang, Ji Young Yun, Jin Whan Cho, Kyum-Yil Kwon, Seong-Beom Koh, Sung Hoon Kang; J Mov Disord. 2026;19(1):76-80. Published online August 26, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.25135

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Objective
Cognitive impairment is common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and few pharmacological options are available for treating this condition. We evaluated the effects of a digital cognitive training program (SUPERBRAIN), which was previously shown to be effective in populations at risk of Alzheimer’s disease, on cognitive function in individuals with PD.
Methods
Twenty-three individuals with PD and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) from four clinics were randomized to the intervention (n=16) or control (n=7) groups. The intervention group completed a 12-week, home-based, tablet-based cognitive training program (25–30 min/day, 7 days/week). Cognitive outcomes were assessed using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery pre- and post-intervention.
Results
The adherence rate was 79.36%. The intervention group showed significant improvements in the Seoul Verbal Learning Test (SVLT) delayed recall and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, while no changes were observed in the control group. Analysis of covariance confirmed greater SVLT improvement in the intervention group (F statistic=7.15, p=0.015, partial η²=0.28).
Conclusion
SUPERBRAIN is feasible and can improve cognitive function in individuals with PD-MCI.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Integrated bio-cooperative robotic platform for virtual cognitive training in Parkinson's disease: design and methodology of the OPERA project
Cristina Polito, Giulia Martinelli, Sara Della Bella, Eleonora Pavan, Ylenia Crocetto, Simona Abagnale, Cristiana Rondoni, Alfonso Voscarelli, Marco Pirini, Francesco Scotto di Luzio, Loredana Zollo, Anna Estraneo
Frontiers in Neurology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Constipation is Associated With Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients With de novo Parkinson’s Disease: Sung Hoon Kang, Jungyeun Lee, Seong-Beom Koh; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(1):38-42. Published online November 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21074

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Abstract PDF

Objective
The association between gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and cognitive profile in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) at diagnosis remains unclear, although GI symptoms and cognitive impairment are highly prevalent in patients with PD. We investigated the relationship between constipation and cognitive status. We also aimed to identify the correlation between constipation and each neuropsychological dysfunction.
Methods
A total of 427 patients with de novo Parkinson’s disease with normal cognition (PD-NC, n = 170) and Parkinson’s disease with mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI, n = 257) at Korea University Guro Hospital in Seoul, Korea were included. All patients underwent comprehensive neuropsychological tests and completed the Non-Motor Symptoms Scale (NMSS). The frequency and severity of constipation were assessed using the NMSS GI symptoms scale, we used logistic regression analysis and partial correlation analysis to determine the associations between constipation score, MCI, and each neuropsychological dysfunction.
Results
Frequent and severe constipation was associated with MCI in patients with PD at diagnosis regardless of disease severity. Specifically, constipation was related to poor performance in frontal-executive and visuospatial functions after controlling for age and sex.
Conclusion
Our findings may provide an understanding of constipation as a marker associated with cognitive impairment in individuals with PD. Therefore, the evaluation of cognitive function is warranted in PD patients with constipation, while further studies are necessary to investigate the detailed mechanism of our results.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Purgation Therapy in Neurological Disorders: Bridging Siddha Medicine and Modern Neuroscience
Gangadharan Thamizhoviya, Arumugam Muthuvel
Journal of Neuroscience and Neurological Disorders.2026; : 001. CrossRef
Association of Gastrointestinal Symptoms With Severity and Progression of Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Kimberly Ho, Jeena Khan, Abraham Z. Cheloff, Ashish Malhotra, Aasma Shaukat
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Beyond the gut: The overlooked impact of constipation on functional mobility and quality of life in community‐dwelling elders – a cross‐sectional study
Mucahit Oztop, Nesrin Yagcı
Geriatrics & Gerontology International.2025; 25(6): 799. CrossRef
Multi-cohort machine learning identifies predictors of cognitive impairment in Parkinson’s disease
Rebecca Ting Jiin Loo, Lukas Pavelka, Graziella Mangone, Fouad Khoury, Marie Vidailhet, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Enrico Glaab, Geeta Acharya, Gloria Aguayo, Myriam Alexandre, Muhammad Ali, Wim Ammerlann, Giuseppe Arena, Michele Bassis, Roxane Batutu, Katy
npj Digital Medicine.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Constipation symptoms are associated with worse cognitive outcomes in older adults without dementia
Xiaochang Liu, Juan Zhou, Xinyan Xie, Wenzhe Zheng, Dan Liu, Guirong Cheng, Feifei Hu, Junyi Wang, Cheng Cai, Jing Liu, Qianqian Nie, Shiyue Li, Dan Song, Yuyang Cui, Jingjing Zhang, Hua Meng, Wei Tan, Yan Zeng
Frontiers in Nutrition.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Defecation after magnesium supplementation enhances cognitive performance in triathletes
Chen-Chan Wei, M. Brennan Harris, Mengxin Ye, Andrew Nicholls, Ahmad Alkhatib, Luthfia Dewi, Chi-Yang Huang, Chia-Hua Kuo
Sports Medicine and Health Science.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Constipation is associated with emotional and cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease: A clinical and brain functional study
Meilan Su, Song Wang, Oumei Cheng, Kai Xie, Juan Peng, Xinyi Du, Lei Huang, Tian Feng
Neuroscience.2024; 559: 17. CrossRef
Constipation in Parkinson's Disease
Eamonn M. M. Quigley
Seminars in Neurology.2023; 43(04): 562. CrossRef
Interactions between gut microbiota and Parkinson's disease: The role of microbiota-derived amino acid metabolism
Wang Wang, Shujun Jiang, Chengcheng Xu, Lili Tang, Yan Liang, Yang Zhao, Guoxue Zhu
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Brief communication

Dance Intervention Using the Feldenkrais Method Improves Motor, and Non-Motor Symptoms and Gait in Parkinson’s Disease: A 12-Month Study: Sung Hoon Kang, Jinhee Kim, Ilsoo Kim, Young Ae Moon, Sojung Park, Seong-Beom Koh; J Mov Disord. 2022;15(1):53-57. Published online November 3, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.21086

8,135 View
451 Download
5 Web of Science
5 Crossref

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
The aim of this study was to assess the effects of dancing (using the Feldenkrais method) on motor and non-motor symptoms, quality of life (QoL), and objective parameters of gait at the time of intervention and at the end of the 1-year study period.
Methods
This was a single-arm study in which 12 subjects with Parkinson’s disease (PD) received dance intervention during a 6-month period. Objective motor scales, gait analysis, and questionnaires on non-motor symptoms were evaluated at baseline and at 3, 6, and 12 months.
Results
Dance intervention decreased motor scale (Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Tinetti scale) scores and improved gait disturbance (gait velocity and step length) without increasing levodopa equivalent dose. Furthermore, dancing decreased non-motor scale (Non-Motor Symptoms Scale and Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale) scores and improved QoL.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that dance intervention can be a complementary management method for PD patients.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Effects of deep brain stimulation on non-motor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease: insights from longitudinal studies using consistent evaluation scales
Hongyu Xu, Zhiqiang Yan, Qiong Ye, Jia Lu, Kexin Chen, Juan Fang, Zijin Li, Jingyao Jiang
Journal of Neurology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
ParkiSoDance: Feasibility Assessment of a Forró -Based Dance Program for Persons With Parkinson’s Disease
Beatriz Menezes DeJesus, Annanda Oliveira Santos, Lavinia Teixeira-Machado, Josimari Melo DeSantana
Journal of Dance Medicine & Science.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Somatic movement intervention among older adults to improve body awareness and spine mobility: A pilot study
Diana K. Lara, Kate A. Hamel, David I. Anderson
Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies.2025; 42: 319. CrossRef
Feldenkrais method and clinical psychology: A systematic literature review exploring the potential of Feldenkrais Method in psychiatric care
Sylvia Martin, Clara La Monica, Laura Soto, Vladimir Latocha
Complementary Therapies in Medicine.2024; 85: 103073. CrossRef
Mild cognitive impairment is associated with poor gait performance in patients with Parkinson’s disease
Sung Hoon Kang, Jinhee Kim, Jungyeun Lee, Seong-Beom Koh
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

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