Journal of Movement Disorders

Brief communication

Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of Digital Cognitive Training in Parkinson’s Disease With Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Pilot Study: Dongje Lee, Hang-Rai Kim, Yu Jeong Park, Yisuh Ahn, Daeho Lee, Jungyeun Lee, Su Jin Chung, Seung Yeon Kim, Yeji Hwang, Ji Young Yun, Jin Whan Cho, Kyum-Yil Kwon, Seong-Beom Koh, Sung Hoon Kang; J Mov Disord. 2026;19(1):76-80. Published online August 26, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.25135

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Objective
Cognitive impairment is common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), and few pharmacological options are available for treating this condition. We evaluated the effects of a digital cognitive training program (SUPERBRAIN), which was previously shown to be effective in populations at risk of Alzheimer’s disease, on cognitive function in individuals with PD.
Methods
Twenty-three individuals with PD and mild cognitive impairment (PD-MCI) from four clinics were randomized to the intervention (n=16) or control (n=7) groups. The intervention group completed a 12-week, home-based, tablet-based cognitive training program (25–30 min/day, 7 days/week). Cognitive outcomes were assessed using the Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery pre- and post-intervention.
Results
The adherence rate was 79.36%. The intervention group showed significant improvements in the Seoul Verbal Learning Test (SVLT) delayed recall and the Controlled Oral Word Association Test, while no changes were observed in the control group. Analysis of covariance confirmed greater SVLT improvement in the intervention group (F statistic=7.15, p=0.015, partial η²=0.28).
Conclusion
SUPERBRAIN is feasible and can improve cognitive function in individuals with PD-MCI.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Integrated bio-cooperative robotic platform for virtual cognitive training in Parkinson's disease: design and methodology of the OPERA project
Cristina Polito, Giulia Martinelli, Sara Della Bella, Eleonora Pavan, Ylenia Crocetto, Simona Abagnale, Cristiana Rondoni, Alfonso Voscarelli, Marco Pirini, Francesco Scotto di Luzio, Loredana Zollo, Anna Estraneo
Frontiers in Neurology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Report

Familial Hyperekplexia, a Potential Cause of Cautious Gait: A New Korean Case and a Systematic Review of Phenotypes: Yoonju Lee, Nan Young Kim, Sangkyoon Hong, Su Jin Chung, Seong Ho Jeong, Phil Hyu Lee, Young H. Sohn; J Mov Disord. 2017;10(1):53-58. Published online December 27, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.16044

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Familial hyperekplexia, also called startle disease, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by excessive startle responses to noise or touch. It can be associated with serious injury from frequent falls, apnea spells, and aspiration pneumonia. Familial hyperekplexia has a heterogeneous genetic background with several identified causative genes; it demonstrates both dominant and recessive inheritance in the α1 subunit of the glycine receptor (GLRA1), the β subunit of the glycine receptor and the presynaptic sodium and chloride-dependent glycine transporter 2 genes. Clonazepam is an effective medical treatment for hyperekplexia. Here, we report genetically confirmed familial hyperekplexia patients presenting early adult cautious gait. Additionally, we review clinical features, mode of inheritance, ethnicity and the types and locations of mutations of previously reported hyperekplexia cases with a GLRA1 gene mutation.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

The implications of hyperekplexia on children’s quality of life: a report on two cases
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Revista Paulista de Pediatria.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Journal of Child Neurology.2024; 39(7-8): 260. CrossRef
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Teresa Sprovieri, Carmine Ungaro, Serena Sivo, Michela Quintiliani, Ilaria Contaldo, Chiara Veredice, Luigi Citrigno, Maria Muglia, Francesca Cavalcanti, Sebastiano Cavallaro, Eugenio Mercuri, Domenica Battaglia
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Weird Laughing in Hyperekplexia: A new phenotype associated with a novel mutation in the GLRA1 gene?
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