Journal of Movement Disorders

Original Articles

Comparison of Impact of Various Exercise Modalities on Parkinson’s Disease: Jinse Park, Sang-Myung Cheon, Myung Jun Lee, Dong-Woo Rhu, Dallah Yoo; Received February 13, 2025 Accepted April 15, 2025 Published online April 15, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.25038 [Accepted]

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Abstract PDF: Background and Purpose
Exercise is a critical non-pharmacological intervention for Parkinson’s disease (PD); however, comparative evidence on the efficacy of different exercise modalities is limited. This study aimed to compare the effects of tai chi, strength training, yoga, and home-based exercises on motor in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD).
Subject and Methods
In this multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial, 99 patients with PD were allocated to one of four exercise interventions: tai chi, strength training, yoga, or home-based exercises. Each intervention consisted of 12 weeks of supervised sessions, followed by 12 weeks of independent practice. The primary outcomes included the MDS-UPDRS Part III and timed up-and-go (TUG) test parameters. The secondary outcomes assessed included physical activity (SPPB and 6 MWT), balance (Mini-BEST), and freezing of gait (NFOGQ).
Results
Home exercise and tai chi demonstrated significant improvements in the MDS-UPDRS Part III scores over 24 weeks. 6 minutes walking test was improved by home exercises, tai chi, and MiniBest was enhanced by strength exercises and yoga. The total duration and forward movement of TUG and turning duration measuring by wearable sensor were markedly improved in yoga group.
Conclusion
Our results support that various in adherence and outcomes of exercise have been observed in real-world setting even though effectiveness of exercise is well established. These findings highlighted the importance of tailoring exercise regimens considering individual patients in PD management

Trends in Physiotherapy Interventions and Medical Costs for Parkinson’s Disease in South Korea, 2011–2020: Dong-Woo Ryu, Jinse Park, Myung Jun Lee, Dallah Yoo, Sang-Myung Cheon; J Mov Disord. 2024;17(3):270-281. Published online March 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23269

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objective
Physiotherapy (PT), which is an effective strategy for managing Parkinson’s disease (PD), can influence health care utilization. We analyzed trends in health care utilization, PT interventions, and medical costs among patients with PD.
Methods
Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance Service from 2011 to 2020, we analyzed the number of patients with PD and their health care utilization and assessed the odds ratio (OR) for receiving regular PTs.
Results
Over 10 years, 169,613 patients with PD were included in the analysis. The number of patients with PD increased annually from 49,417 in 2011 to 91,841 in 2020. The number of patients with PD receiving PT increased from 4,847 (9.81%) in 2011 to 13,163 (14.33%) in 2020, and the number of PT prescriptions increased from 81,220 in 2011 to 377,651 in 2019. Medical costs per patient with PD increased from 1,686 United States dollars (USD) in 2011 to 3,202 USD in 2020. The medical expenses for each patient with PD receiving PT increased from 6,582 USD in 2011 to 13,475 USD in 2020. Moreover, regular PTs were administered to 31,782 patients (18.74%) and were administered only through hospitalization. Those patients in their 50s with disabilities demonstrated a high OR for regular PTs, whereas those aged 80 years or older and residing outside of Seoul had a low OR.
Conclusion
The PD burden increased in South Korea between 2011 and 2020, as did health care utilization and medical costs. A significant increase in medical expenses can be associated with increased PD incidence and PT interventions. Regular PT applications remain restricted and have barriers to access.

Letter to the editor

The Frequency of Korean Patients With Parkinson’s Disease Carrying GBA Mutations in a Subgroup With Age at Onset ≤ 55 Years Old: Jin Hwangbo, Myung Jun Lee, Sang Jin Kim, Jae‑Hyeok Lee; J Mov Disord. 2023;16(2):207-209. Published online March 7, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.22191

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PDF Supplementary Material

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparative analysis of methods for measuring glucocerebrosidase enzyme activity in patients with Parkinson’s disease with the GBA1 variant
Jin Hwangbo, Myung Jun Lee, Sang Jin Kim, Hyun Kyung Park, Jae-heyok Lee
Frontiers in Neurology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinicogenetic Characterization of Patients with PD and Heterozygous GBA1 Variants in an Indian Cohort
Sneha D Kamath, Vikram V. Holla, Prashant Phulpagar, Nitish Kamble, Ravi Yadav, Babylakshmi Muthusamy, Pramod Kumar Pal
Movement Disorders.2024; 39(3): 628. CrossRef

Original Article

Clinical Heterogeneity of Atypical Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration in Koreans: Jae-Hyeok Lee, Jongkyu Park, Ho-Sung Ryu, Hyeyoung Park, Young Eun Kim, Jin Yong Hong, Sang Ook Nam, Young-Hee Sung, Seung-Hwan Lee, Jee-Young Lee, Myung Jun Lee, Tae-Hyoung Kim, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Sun Ju Chung, Seong Beom Koh, Phil Hyu Lee, Jin Whan Cho, Mee Young Park, Yun Joong Kim, Young H. Sohn, Beom Seok Jeon, Myung Sik Lee; J Mov Disord. 2016;9(1):20-27. Published online January 25, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.15058

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22 Web of Science
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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation (NBIA) represents a group of inherited movement disorders characterized by iron accumulation in the basal ganglia. Recent advances have included the identification of new causative genes and highlighted the wide phenotypic variation between and within the specific NBIA subtypes. This study aimed to investigate the current status of NBIA in Korea.
Methods
We collected genetically confirmed NBIA patients from twelve nationwide referral hospitals and from a review of the literature. We conducted a study to describe the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Korean adults with atypical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN).
Results
Four subtypes of NBIA including PKAN (n = 30), PLA2G6-related neurodegeneration (n = 2), beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration (n = 1), and aceruloplasminemia (n = 1) have been identified in the Korean population. The clinical features of fifteen adults with atypical PKAN included early focal limb dystonia, parkinsonism-predominant feature, oromandibular dystonia, and isolated freezing of gait (FOG). Patients with a higher age of onset tended to present with parkinsonism and FOG. The p.R440P and p.D378G mutations are two major mutations that represent approximately 50% of the mutated alleles. Although there were no specific genotype-phenotype correlations, most patients carrying the p.D378G mutation had a late-onset, atypical form of PKAN.
Conclusions
We found considerable phenotypic heterogeneity in Korean adults with atypical PKAN. The age of onset may influence the presentation of extrapyramidal symptoms.

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Kyung Ah Woo, Han-Joon Kim, Seung-Ho Jeon, Hye Ran Park, Kye Won Park, Seung Hyun Lee, Sun Ju Chung, Jong-Hee Chae, Sun Ha Paek, Beomseok Jeon
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Atypical Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration with variable phenotypes in an Egyptian family
Ali S. Shalash, Thomas W. Rösler, Ibrahim Y. Abdelrahman, Hatem S. Abulmakarem, Stefanie H. Müller, Franziska Hopfner, Gregor Kuhlenbäumer, Günter U. Höglinger, Mohamed Salama
Heliyon.2021; : e07469. CrossRef
Treatment Responsiveness of Parkinsonism in Atypical Pantothenate Kinase‐Associated Neurodegeneration
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Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Intrafamilial variability and clinical heterogeneity in a family with PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration
Jong Kyu Park, Jinyoung Youn, Jin Whan Cho
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C. Tello, A. Darling, V. Lupo, B. Pérez‐Dueñas, C. Espinós
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Atypical pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration: Clinical description of two brothers and a review of the literature
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Case Report

Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome in a Patient with Corticobasal Degeneration: Myung Jun Lee, Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Myung Sik Lee; J Mov Disord. 2011;4(2):73-74.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.11015

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Abstract PDF

Parkinson’s disease is a principal underlying disease of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) occurring in parkinsonian disorders, but NMS may occur in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy and multiple system atrophy. We report first patient with corticobasal degeneration (CBD) who developed NMS after abrupt reduction of antiparkinsonian medication and concurrent infection. It should be kept in mind that the prevention of infectious illness, which is common complication in parkinson-plus syndrome, is important, and dose reduction or withdrawal of anti-parkinsonian medications should be carefully performed even in the patients with CBD who are expected to be unresponsive to levodopa treatment.

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Diagnosis and Management of Progressive Corticobasal Syndrome
Claire Delpirou Nouh, Kyan Younes
Current Treatment Options in Neurology.2024; 26(7): 319. CrossRef

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