Journal of Movement Disorders

Original Article

Pain Characteristics of Parkinson’s Disease Using Validated Arabic Versions of the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale and Questionnaire: A Multicenter Egyptian Study: Ali Shalash, Salma R. Mohamed, Marwa Y. Badr, Shimaa Elgamal, Shaimaa A. Elaidy, Eman A. Elhamrawy, Hayam Abdel-Tawab, Haidy Elshebawy, Heba Samir Abdelraheem, Tamer Roushdy, Wafik S. Bahnasy, Haitham H. Salem, Ehab A. El-Seidy, Hatem S. Shehata, Hazem Marouf, K. Ray Chaudhuri, Eman Hamid; J Mov Disord. 2024;17(4):387-397. Published online June 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.24088

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Objective
Pain is one of the most common nonmotor symptoms in Parkinson’s disease (PD), with variable characteristics among populations. This multicenter Egyptian study aimed to translate and validate the King’s Parkinson’s Disease Pain Scale (KPPS) and Questionnaire (KPPQ) into Arabic versions and to investigate the pain characteristics in Egyptian people with PD (PWP).
Methods
A total of 192 PWP and 100 sex- and age-matched controls were evaluated by the KPPS-Arabic and KPPQ-Arabic. Both tools were assessed for test–retest reliability, floor or ceiling effects, construct validity and convert validity. PWP were also assessed by the Movement Disorders Society-Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS), Hoehn and Yahr scale (H&Y), Non-Motor Symptom Scale (NMSS), PD Questionnaire-39, and Non-Motor Fluctuation Assessment (NoMoFA).
Results
The KPPS-Arabic and KPPQ-Arabic showed inter- and intrarater consistency and high validity, with an acceptable ceiling effect. A total of 188 PWP (97.9%) reported at least 1 type of pain (p < 0.001). The severity and prevalence of all pain domains in the KPPS-Arabic were significantly higher among PWP than among controls (p < 0.001). Fluctuation-related and musculoskeletal pains were the most common (81.3% and 80.7%, respectively). In the PD group, the total and domains of KPPS-Arabic were significantly correlated to the MDS-UPDRS total score and the scores of Parts I, II, III, postural instability gait disorder, axial, and H&Y but not with age or age of onset. The predictors of KPPS-Arabic scores included the total MDS-UPDRS, the part III-OFF, disease duration, the total NMSS, and the NoMoFA scores.
Conclusion
The current multicenter study provided validated Arabic versions of the KPPS and KPPQ, which exhibited high reliability and validity, and demonstrated a high prevalence and severity of pain within Egyptian PWP and characterized its determinants.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Test-retest reliability and construct validity of the King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale – Brazilian version
Rafaela Moura Santos Rocha, Iza de Faria-Fortini, Paula Luciana Scalzo
Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery.2025; 251: 108814. CrossRef

Brief communication

Accessibility of Device-Aided Therapies for Persons With Parkinson’s Disease in Poland: Katarzyna Smilowska, Tomasz Pietrzykowski, K. Ray Chaudhuri, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Daniel J. van Wamelen; J Mov Disord. 2024;17(2):208-212. Published online November 20, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.23172

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Objective
Access to care for people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), particularly to device-aided therapies (DAT), is not equally distributed. The objective was to analyze accessibility to DAT (deep brain stimulation, intraduodenal levodopa pump therapy, and apomorphine pump therapy) in Poland.
Methods
We analyzed the distribution of DAT use in Poland by determining the number of persons with PD receiving one of the three DATs during 2015–2021.
Results
In 2021, the number of persons receiving DAT in Poland was 0.56% of the total PD population, increasing from 0.21% in 2015. Overall, deep brain stimulation was the preferred DAT in Poland, but strong regional differences in the use of the other DATs were observed. Accessibility to DAT was negatively associated with average annual income (p < 0.001).
Conclusion
Access to DAT for persons with PD in Poland is still limited, and strong regional differences in accessibility were observed, although its general increase over the last decade is encouraging.

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