Objective To investigate the long-term clinical outcomes of pallidal deep brain stimulation (GPi-DBS) in patients with pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN).
Methods We reviewed the records of patients with genetically confirmed PKAN who received bilateral GPi-DBS for refractory dystonia and were clinically followed up for at least 2 years postoperatively at two centers in Korea. Pre- and postoperative Burke– Fahn–Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale motor subscale (BFMDRS-M) scores, disability subscale (BFMDRS-D) scores, and qualitative clinical information were prospectively collected. Descriptive analysis was performed for BFMDRS-M scores, BFMDRSD scores, and the orofacial, axial, and limb subscores of the BFMDRS-M at 6–12, 24–36, and 60–72 months postoperatively.
Results Five classic-type, four atypical-type, and one unknown-type PKAN cases were identified. The mean preoperative BFMDRS-M score was 92.1 for the classic type and 38.5 for the atypical or unknown type, with a mean BFMDRS follow-up of 50.7 months and a clinical follow-up of 69.0 months. The mean improvements in BFMDRS-M score were 11.3%, 41.3%, and 30.5% at 6–12, 24–36, and 60–72 months, respectively. In four patients with full regular evaluations until 60–72 months, improvements in the orofacial, axial, and limb subscores persisted, but the disability scores worsened from 24–36 months post-operation compared to the baseline, mainly owing to the aggravation of eating and feeding disabilities.
Conclusion The benefits of GPi-DBS on dystonia may persist for more than 5 years in PKAN. The effects on patients’ subjective disability may have a shorter duration despite improvements in dystonia owing to the complex manifestations of PKAN.
Citations
Citations to this article as recorded by
Deep Brain Stimulation for Refractory Status Dystonicus in Children: Multicenter Case Series and Systematic Review Lindsey M. Vogt, Han Yan, Brendan Santyr, Sara Breitbart, Melanie Anderson, Jürgen Germann, Karlo J. Lizarraga, Angela L. Hewitt, Alfonso Fasano, George M. Ibrahim, Carolina Gorodetsky Annals of Neurology.2024; 95(1): 156. CrossRef
Illustration of the long-term efficacy of pallidal deep brain stimulation in a patient with PKAN dystonia Luigi M. Romito, Fabiana Colucci, Giovanna Zorzi, Barbara Garavaglia, Ahmet Kaymak, Alberto Mazzoni, Celeste Panteghini, Nico Golfrè Andreasi, Sara Rinaldo, Vincenzo Levi, Miryam Carecchio, Roberto Eleopra Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2024; 123: 106977. CrossRef
Case of Hallervorden–Spatz Syndrome: A Tale of Twin Sisters Naveen Reddy, Jitender Sharma, Anmol Sharma Neurology India.2024; 72(2): 411. CrossRef
Patient Selection for Deep Brain Stimulation for Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration Jason L. Chan, Ashley E. Rawls, Joshua K. Wong, Penelope Hogarth, Justin D. Hilliard, Michael S. Okun Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Imaging Findings of Intracerebral Infection after Deep Brain Stimulation: Pediatric Case Series and Literature Review Andrew Z. Yang, Alexandre Boutet, Vivek Pai, Michael J. Colditz, Artur Vetkas, Brendan Santyr, Nardin Samuel, Jurgen Germann, Sara Breitbart, Lior Elkam, Birgit Ertl‐Wagner, Alfonso Fasano, Andres M. Lozano, George M Ibrahim, Carolina Gorodetsky Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Surgical treatment of movement disorders in neurometabolic conditions Alonso Zea Vera, Andrea L. Gropman Frontiers in Neurology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Clinical Spectrum of ANO3—Report of a New Family and Literature Review Marco Percetti, Michela Zini, Paola Soliveri, Filippo Cogiamanian, Mariarosa Ferrara, Eva Orunesu, Alessandra Ranghetti, Carlo Ferrarese, Gianni Pezzoli, Barbara Garavaglia, Ioannis Ugo Isaias, Giorgio Sacilotto Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2024; 11(3): 289. CrossRef
The role of genetics in the treatment of dystonia with deep brain stimulation: Systematic review and Meta-analysis Harini Sarva, Federico Rodriguez-Porcel, Francisco Rivera, Claudio Daniel Gonzalez, Samantha Barkan, Susmit Tripathi, Emilia Gatto, Pedro Garcia Ruiz Journal of the Neurological Sciences.2024; 459: 122970. CrossRef
A novel ANO3 variant in two siblings with different phenotypes Marcello Esposito, Assunta Trinchillo, Francesca Piceci-Sparascio, Maria Cecilia D'Asdia, Federica Consoli, Alessandro De Luca Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2023; 111: 105413. CrossRef
DBS-Evoked Pallidal Activity Correlates with Clinical Improvement in a Patient with ANO3-Related Dystonia Aditya Boddu, Adam Bashir, Mohammad Awad, Barton Guthrie, Harrison Walker SSRN Electronic Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Deep Brain Stimulation in Dystonia: Disentangling Heterogeneity Alberto Albanese Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2021; 8(1): 6. CrossRef
Pallidal Deep Brain Stimulation for Monogenic Dystonia: The Effect of Gene on Outcome Stephen Tisch, Kishore Raj Kumar Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The expanding clinical and genetic spectrum of ANO3 dystonia Li-Ting Jiang, Li-Xi Li, Ying Liu, Xiao-Long Zhang, You-Gui Pan, Lin Wang, Xin-Hua Wan, Ling-Jing Jin Neuroscience Letters.2021; 746: 135590. CrossRef
Huntington disease-like phenotype in a patient with ANO3 mutation Shahedah Koya Kutty, Eoin Mulroy, Francesca Magrinelli, Giulia Di Lazzaro, Anna Latorre, Kailash P. Bhatia Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2021; 90: 120. CrossRef
Arching deep brain stimulation in dystonia types Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon Journal of Neural Transmission.2021; 128(4): 539. CrossRef