Journal of Movement Disorders

Volume 11(2); May 2018

Review Article

Parkinson’s Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Epidemiology, Genetics and Access to Care: Uduak Williams, Oliver Bandmann, Richard Walker; J Mov Disord. 2018;11(2):53-64. Published online May 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17028

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A low prevalence of Parkinson’s disease (PD) has been reported in the Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) region. The genetic causes and clinical features of PD in this region have been poorly described. Very few reports have examined the availability and access to evidence-based quality care for people living with PD in this region. We reviewed all publications focusing on idiopathic PD from SSA published up to May 2016 and observed a prevalence of PD ranging from 7/100,000 in Ethiopia to 67/100,000 in Nigeria. The most recent community-based study reported a mean age at onset of 69.4 years. The infrequent occurrence of mutations in established PD genes was also observed in the region. Treatments were non-existent or at best irregular. Additionally, there is a lack of well-trained medical personnel and multidisciplinary teams in most countries in this region. Drugs for treating PD are either not available or unaffordable. Large-scale genetic and epidemiological studies are therefore needed in SSA to provide further insights into the roles of genetics and other etiological factors in the pathogenesis of PD. The quality of care also requires urgent improvement to meet the basic level of care required by PD patients.

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Original Articles

Amantadine and the Risk of Dyskinesia in Patients with Early Parkinson’s Disease: An Open-Label, Pragmatic Trial: Aryun Kim, Young Eun Kim, Ji Young Yun, Han-Joon Kim, Hui-Jun Yang, Woong-Woo Lee, Chae Won Shin, Hyeyoung Park, Yu Jin Jung, Ahro Kim, Yoon Kim, Mihee Jang, Beomseok Jeon; J Mov Disord. 2018;11(2):65-71. Published online May 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.18005

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Objective
We examined whether amantadine can prevent the development of dyskinesia.
Methods
Patients with drug-naïve Parkinson’s disease (PD), younger than 70 years of age and in the early stage of PD (Hoehn and Yahr scale < 3), were recruited from April 2011 to December 2014. The exclusion criteria included the previous use of antiparkinsonian medication, the presence of dyskinesia, significant psychological disorders, and previous history of a hypersensitivity reaction. Patients were consecutively assigned to one of 3 treatment groups in an open label fashion: Group A-1, amantadine first and then levodopa when needed; Group A-2, amantadine first, dopamine agonist when needed, and then levodopa; and Group B, dopamine agonist first and then levodopa when needed. The primary endpoint was the development of dyskinesia, which was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier survival rate.
Results
A total of 80 patients were enrolled: Group A-1 (n = 27), Group A-2 (n = 27), and Group B (n = 26). Twenty-four patients were excluded from the analysis due to the following: withdrawal of amantadine or dopamine agonist (n = 9), alternative diagnosis (n = 2), withdrawal of consent (n = 1), and breach in the protocol (n = 12). After exclusion, 5 of the 56 (8.93%) patients developed dyskinesia. Patients in Group A-1 and A-2 tended to develop dyskinesia less often than those in Group B (cumulative survival rates of 0.933, 0.929, and 0.700 for A-1, A-2, and B, respectively; p = 0.453).
Conclusion
Amantadine as an initial treatment may decrease the incidence of dyskinesia in patients with drug-naïve PD.

Citations

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Exploring causal effects of sarcopenia on risk and progression of Parkinson disease by Mendelian randomization
Tao Wang, Jiaquan Geng, Xi Zeng, Ruijiang Han, Young Eun Huh, Jiajie Peng
npj Parkinson's Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Investigation of the Long-Term Effects of Amantadine Use in Parkinson’s Disease
Sangmin Park, Jung Hwan Shin, Seung Ho Jeon, Chan Young Lee, Han-Joon Kim, Beomseok Jeon
Journal of Movement Disorders.2023; 16(2): 224. CrossRef
Polypharmazie bei der Behandlung von Parkinsonsymptomen: eine Nutzen-Risiko Abwägung
J. Bedarf, I. Csoti, H. Herbst, P. Urban, D. Woitalla, U. Wüllner
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Role of glutamate receptor complex in the organism. Ligands of NMDA receptors in neurodegenerative processes – a modern state of the problem
Vladimir D. Dergachev, Ekaterina E. Yakovleva, Eugenii R. Bychkov, Levon B. Piotrovskiy, Petr D. Shabanov
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Effect of glycine transporter 1 inhibition with bitopertin on parkinsonism and L-DOPA induced dyskinesia in the 6-OHDA-lesioned rat
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Prospective Characterization of Cognitive Function in Typical and ‘Brainstem Predominant’Progressive Supranuclear Palsy Phenotypes: Young-Eun C Lee, David R Williams, Jacqueline F I Anderson; J Mov Disord. 2018;11(2):72-77. Published online May 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17067

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Abstract PDF

Objective
Clinicopathological studies over the last decade have broadened the clinical spectrum of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) to include several distinct clinical syndromes. We examined the cognitive profiles of patients with PSP-Richardson’s syndrome (PSP-RS) and two atypical ‘brainstem predominant’ PSP phenotypes (PSP-parkinsonism, PSP-P; and PSP-pure akinesia with gait freezing, PSP-PAGF) using a comprehensive neuropsychological battery.
Methods
Fourteen patients diagnosed as PSP-RS, three patients with PSP-P and four patients with PSP-PAGF were assessed using a comprehensive battery of neuropsychological tests.
Results
The typical PSP-RS subgroup demonstrated greater impairments in processing speed [t(19) = -4.10, p = 0.001 (d =1.66)] and executive function [t(19) = -2.63, p = 0.02 (d = 1.20)] compared to the ‘brainstem predominant’ PSP phenotype.
Conclusion
This is the first prospective study to demonstrate that PSP-RS and ‘brainstem predominant’ PSP phenotypes can be differentiated on cognitive grounds. These differences correspond with variations in pathological profiles reported in the literature.

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Oromandibular Dystonia: Demographics and Clinical Data from 240 Patients: Linda Slaim, Myriam Cohen, Patrick Klap, Marie Vidailhet, Alain Perrin, Daniel Brasnu, Denis Ayache, Marie Mailly; J Mov Disord. 2018;11(2):78-81. Published online May 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17065

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Abstract PDF

Objective
To report demographic data from a large cohort of patients with oromandibular dystonia (OMD).
Methods
This is a retrospective review of patients with OMD referred to our institution between 1989 and 2015. Demographic (age of onset, gender, and familial history of dystonia) and clinical (type of OMD, associated dystonia, and etiology of dystonia) data were collected from a cohort of 240 individuals.
Results
The mean age of onset of OMD was 51.6 years old, with a female predominance (2:1). A family history of dystonia was found in 6 patients (2.5%). One hundred and forty-nine patients (62.1%) had the jaw-opening type of OMD, 48 patients (20.0%) had the jaw-closing type, and 43 patients (17.9%) had a mixed form of OMD. Lingual dystonia was also present in 64 (26.7%) of these patients. Eighty-two patients (34.2%) had a focal dystonia, 131 patients (54.6%) had a segmental dystonia, and 27 patients (11.3%) had a generalized dystonia. One hundred and seventy-one patients (71.3%) had idiopathic OMD.
Conclusion
OMD is a chronic and disabling focal dystonia. Our study found a prevalence of female patients, an onset in middle age and a predominantly idiopathic etiology. Unlike other studies, jaw-opening was found to be the most frequent clinical type of OMD.

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Yoshiro Koma, Takehiro Fujimoto, Shinji Uejima, Kotaro Sato, Keisuke Sugimoto, Satoshi Yamaguchi, Jun Ishikawa, Kazuya Nambu, Hideharu Hibi
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medicine, and Pathology.2020; 32(6): 503. CrossRef
Botulinum neurotoxin a therapy efficacy and safety for oromandibular dystonia: a meta-analysis
Pariessa D. Dadgardoust, Raymond L. Rosales, Ria Monica Asuncion, Dirk Dressler
Journal of Neural Transmission.2019; 126(2): 141. CrossRef
Botulinum Neurotoxin Therapy for Lingual Dystonia Using an Individualized Injection Method Based on Clinical Features
Kazuya Yoshida
Toxins.2019; 11(1): 51. CrossRef
Oromandibular dystonia, mental distress and oro‐facial dysfunction—A follow‐up 8‐10 years after start of treatment with botulinum toxin
Merete Bakke, Sara Baram, Torben Dalager, Heidi Bryde Biernat, Eigild Møller
Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2019; 46(5): 441. CrossRef
Pseudodystonia: A new perspective on an old phenomenon
Rok Berlot, Kailash P. Bhatia, Maja Kojović
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2019; 62: 44. CrossRef
Severe Jaw‐Opening Dystonia as an Unusual Manifestation of Levodopa‐Related Wearing‐Off in Parkinson's Disease, and Successful Treatment With Botulinum Toxin Injection
Pankaj Ashok Agarwal
Movement Disorders Clinical Practice.2019; 6(6): 500. CrossRef

Case Reports

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined with Action Observation and Electromyographic Biofeedback Training in a Patient with Writer’s Cramp: Yohei Okada, Chiharu Shibamoto, Yukari Osumi, Chihiro Asano, Riho Takeuchi, Sachio Nabeshima, Shu Morioka, Koji Shomoto; J Mov Disord. 2018;11(2):82-86. Published online May 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.18007

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89 Download
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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

We present a 47-year-old right-handed woman with a 15-year history of writer’s cramp who was provided with six sessions of cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with observation of writing actions performed by a healthy subject and electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback training to decrease EMG activities in her right forehand muscles while writing for 30 min for 4 weeks. She showed improvement in dystonic posture and writing speed after the intervention. The writing movement and writing speed scores on a writer’s cramp rating scale decreased, along with writing time. Our findings demonstrated that cathodal tDCS combined with action observation and EMG biofeedback training might improve dystonic writing movements in a patient with writer’s cramp.

Citations

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Effects of non-invasive brain stimulation in dystonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Jordan Morrison-Ham, Gillian M. Clark, Elizabeth G. Ellis, Andris Cerins, Juho Joutsa, Peter G. Enticott, Daniel T. Corp
Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders.2022; 15: 175628642211381. CrossRef
New modalities and directions for dystonia care
Genko Oyama, Nobutaka Hattori
Journal of Neural Transmission.2021; 128(4): 559. CrossRef
The Mini-BESTest is an independent predictor of falls in Parkinson Disease
Larissa Karlla Rodrigues Lopes, Aline Alvim Scianni, Lidiane Oliveira Lima, Raquel de Carvalho Lana, Fátima Rodrigues-De-Paula
Brazilian Journal of Physical Therapy.2020; 24(5): 433. CrossRef
Modulating Observation-Execution-Related Motor Cortex Activity by Cathodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation
Fengxue Qi, Michael A. Nitsche, Volker R. Zschorlich
Brain Sciences.2019; 9(5): 121. CrossRef
Beyond the target area: an integrative view of tDCS-induced motor cortex modulation in patients and athletes
Edgard Morya, Kátia Monte-Silva, Marom Bikson, Zeinab Esmaeilpour, Claudinei Eduardo Biazoli, Andre Fonseca, Tommaso Bocci, Faranak Farzan, Raaj Chatterjee, Jeffrey M. Hausdorff, Daniel Gomes da Silva Machado, André Russowsky Brunoni, Eva Mezger, Luciane
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

Purposeless Groaning in Parkinson’s Disease: Shen-Yang Lim, Ai Huey Tan, Jia Lun Lim, Azlina Ahmad-Annuar; J Mov Disord. 2018;11(2):87-88. Published online May 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.18004

8,530 View
113 Download
6 Web of Science
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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
less groaning has been reported in advanced progressive supranuclear palsy. We present a case of purposeless groaning occurring as a primary complaint in a patient with advanced Parkinson’s disease. Purposeless groaning is thought to be a manifestation of disinhibition and perseveration due to frontal-subcortical dysfunction. Proper recognition of this phenomenon will help clinicians to avoid unnecessary investigations and treatment (e.g., prescription of opioid medications).

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

OFF-Period Purposeless Groaning in Parkinsonism
Vikash Agarwal, Jeyalakshmi Rajan, Norlisah Ramli, Cecilia Santiago, Dushyanth B Jasti, Ai HHuey Tan, Shen-Yang Lim
Neurology India.2022; 70(3): 1232. CrossRef
Involuntary moaning in a Hispanic family with eight affected members
Maria Gisatulin, Malco Rossi, Claudia Perandones, Christine Klein, Katja Lohmann, Marcelo Merello
Parkinsonism & Related Disorders.2021; 89: 206. CrossRef
Involuntary Groaning Induced by Levodopa Therapy in a Patient With Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Jung E. Park
JAMA Neurology.2020; 77(12): 1569. CrossRef
Clinical Phenotype of LRRK2 R1441C in 2 Chinese Sisters
Shen-Yang Lim, Jia Lun Lim, Azlina Ahmad-Annuar, Katja Lohmann, Ai Huey Tan, Kai Bin Lim, Yi Wen Tay, Yee Lee Shing, Kalai Arasu Muthusamy, Peter Bauer, Arndt Rolfs, Christine Klein
Neurodegenerative Diseases.2020; 20(1): 39. CrossRef
The spectrum of involuntary vocalizations in humans: A video atlas
Tina Mainka, Bettina Balint, Felix Gövert, Lille Kurvits, Christoph van Riesen, Andrea A. Kühn, Marina A.J. Tijssen, Andrew J. Lees, Kirsten Müller‐Vahl, Kailash P. Bhatia, Christos Ganos
Movement Disorders.2019; 34(12): 1774. CrossRef

A Patient with Beta-Propeller Protein-Associated Neurodegeneration: Treatment with Iron Chelation Therapy: Shen-Yang Lim, Ai Huey Tan, Azlina Ahmad-Annuar, Susanne A. Schneider, Ping Chong Bee, Jia Lun Lim, Norlisah Ramli, Mohamad Imran Idris; J Mov Disord. 2018;11(2):89-92. Published online May 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.14802/jmd.17082

26,677 View
167 Download
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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

We present a case of beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration, a form of neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation. The patient harbored a novel mutation in the WDR45 gene. A detailed video and description of her clinical condition are provided. Her movement disorder phenomenology was characterized primarily by limb stereotypies and gait dyspraxia. The patient’s disability was advanced by the time iron-chelating therapy with deferiprone was initiated, and no clinical response in terms of cognitive function, behavior, speech, or movements were observed after one year of treatment.

Citations

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Metabolic impairments in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation
Agata Wydrych, Barbara Pakuła, Justyna Janikiewicz, Aneta M. Dobosz, Patrycja Jakubek-Olszewska, Marta Skowrońska, Iwona Kurkowska-Jastrzębska, Maciej Cwyl, Mariola Popielarz, Paolo Pinton, Barbara Zavan, Agnieszka Dobrzyń, Magdalena Lebiedzińska-Arciszew
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Bioenergetics.2025; 1866(1): 149517. CrossRef
Lipid droplet accumulation in Wdr45-deficient cells caused by impairment of chaperone-mediated autophagic degradation of Fasn
Qiuhong Xiong, Huimin Sun, Yanlin Wang, Qian Xu, Yu Zhang, Mei Xu, Zhonghua Zhao, Ping Li, Changxin Wu
Lipids in Health and Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
L-serine restored lysosomal failure in cells derived from patients with BPAN reducing iron accumulation with eliminating lipofuscin
Hye Eun Lee, Minkyo Jung, Kiju Choi, Jae Hyuck Jang, Su-Kyeong Hwang, Sehyun Chae, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Ji Young Mun
Free Radical Biology and Medicine.2024; 221: 273. CrossRef
Quantitative retrospective natural history modeling of WDR45-related developmental and epileptic encephalopathy – a systematic cross-sectional analysis of 160 published cases
Afshin Saffari, Julian Schröter, Sven F. Garbade, Julian E. Alecu, Darius Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Georg F. Hoffmann, Stefan Kölker, Markus Ries, Steffen Syrbe
Autophagy.2022; 18(7): 1715. CrossRef
Cerebral Iron Deposition in Neurodegeneration
Petr Dusek, Tim Hofer, Jan Alexander, Per M. Roos, Jan O. Aaseth
Biomolecules.2022; 12(5): 714. CrossRef
Interactions of dopamine, iron, and alpha-synuclein linked to dopaminergic neuron vulnerability in Parkinson's disease and Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation disorders
Rachel M. Wise, Annika Wagener, Urban M. Fietzek, Thomas Klopstock, Eugene V. Mosharov, Fabio A. Zucca, David Sulzer, Luigi Zecca, Lena F. Burbulla
Neurobiology of Disease.2022; 175: 105920. CrossRef
WDR45 variants cause ferrous iron loss due to impaired ferritinophagy associated with nuclear receptor coactivator 4 and WD repeat domain phosphoinositide interacting protein 4 reduction
Kiwako Tsukida, Shin-ichi Muramatsu, Hitoshi Osaka, Takanori Yamagata, Kazuhiro Muramatsu
Brain Communications.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Iron Chelation in Movement Disorders: Logical or Ironical
Dinkar Kulshreshtha, Jacky Ganguly, Mandar Jog
Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques.2021; : 1. CrossRef
Emerging Disease-Modifying Therapies in Neurodegeneration With Brain Iron Accumulation (NBIA) Disorders
Vassilena Iankova, Ivan Karin, Thomas Klopstock, Susanne A. Schneider
Frontiers in Neurology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Consensus clinical management guideline for beta‐propeller protein‐associated neurodegeneration
Jenny L Wilson, Allison Gregory, Manju A Kurian, Ittai Bushlin, Fanny Mochel, Lisa Emrick, Laura Adang, Penelope Hogarth, Susan J Hayflick
Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology.2021; 63(12): 1402. CrossRef
WDR45, one gene associated with multiple neurodevelopmental disorders
Yingying Cong, Vincent So, Marina A. J. Tijssen, Dineke S. Verbeek, Fulvio Reggiori, Mario Mauthe
Autophagy.2021; 17(12): 3908. CrossRef
Towards Precision Therapies for Inherited Disorders of Neurodegeneration with Brain Iron Accumulation
Robert V.V. Spaull, Audrey K.S. Soo, Penelope Hogarth, Susan J. Hayflick, Manju A. Kurian
Tremor and Other Hyperkinetic Movements.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The roles of iron and HFE genotype in neurological diseases
Yunsung Kim, James R. Connor
Molecular Aspects of Medicine.2020; 75: 100867. CrossRef
The Contribution of Iron to Protein Aggregation Disorders in the Central Nervous System
Karina Joppe, Anna-Elisa Roser, Fabian Maass, Paul Lingor
Frontiers in Neuroscience.2019;[Epub] CrossRef

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