Chorea is a rare complication of polycythemia vera (PV). We report a 58-year-old woman with acute onset chorea without structural lesion in the basal ganglia. The physical and laboratory findings were compatible with the diagnosis of PV. After repeated phlebotomies her chorea was improved. PV should be considered as one of the possible etiologies of chorea, as early diagnosis is important to lead to the effective treatment and prevention of complications.